Browse an alphabetical list of photographs. These historical images portray people, places, and events before, during, and after World War II and the Holocaust.
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Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandel, leader of the Working Group (Pracovna Skupina), a Jewish underground group devoted to the rescue of Slovak Jewry.
A technician determines the racial makeup of a young woman by the color of her hair.
This 1938 racist illustration compares “German Youth” with “Jewish Youth.” It is subtitled, “From the face speaks the soul of the race.” It comes from Alfred Vogel's text Inheritance and Racial Hygiene. The Nazis used racist theories to label groups of people as inferior and as the "enemy." The Nazis claimed that "superior" races had not just the right but the obligation to subdue and even exterminate "inferior" ones.
German police raid a vandalized Jewish home in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1942.
Rail cars discovered by Soviet forces and containing possessions taken from deportees. This abandoned train was on the way to Germany loaded with personal effects (in this case, pillows) taken from Auschwitz victims. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 27, 1945.
View of the railcar on display in the Permanent Exhibition of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington DC, June 19, 1991. Courtesy of Polskie Koleje Panstwow S.A.
At the Jozsefvarosi train station in Budapest, Raoul Wallenberg (at right, with hands clasped behind his back) rescues Hungarian Jews from deportation by providing them with protective passes. Budapest, Hungary, 1944.
Raphael Lemkin (right) with Ambassador Amado of Brazil (left) before a plenary session of the General Assembly at which the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide was approved. Palais de Chaillot, Paris, December 11, 1948.
Sack of wood flour (finely powdered wood or sawdust) used to make substitute bread. The official ration of this "bread" for Soviet prisoners of war was less than 5 ounces a day. Deblin, Poland, 1942 or 1943.
Exterior view of barracks at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Ravensbrueck, Germany, between May 1939 and April 1945.
Red triangle patch worn by Czech political prisoner Karel Bruml in Theresienstadt. The letter "T" stands for "Tscheche" (Czech in German).
Refugee boys from Syria play on old tents in the Domiz refugee camp outside Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan. September 5, 2015.
A camp for Darfurian refugees in Chad. Photograph taken in 2005. In July 2004 the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum declared a Genocide Emergency for the Darfur region of Sudan.
View of Zbaszyn, the site of a refugee camp for Jews of Polish nationality who were expelled from Germany. The Jewish refugees, hungry and cold, were stranded on the border, denied admission into Poland after their expulsion from Germany. Photograph taken between October 28, 1938, and August 1939. Warsaw-based historian, political activist, and social welfare worker Emanuel Ringelblum spent five weeks in Zbaszyn, organizing assistance for the refugees trapped on the border.
At some point after the war, Sophie received this small stuffed bear (about three inches high) as a present from her mother. She named it “Refugee,” just like she and her mother were refugees of the war.
A replica of "Refugee" bear and a photo of a Darfurian child refugee, items taken by Commander Mark Polansky (pictured) on a December 2006 Space Shuttle mission.
A young Jewish refugee, wounded while resisting British soldiers on board the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Knesset Israel, is deported to a Cyprus detention camp. Haifa port, Palestine, April 12, 1946.
Refugees crowd the rail of the Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Josiah Wedgewood, anchored at the Haifa port. British soldiers transported the passengers to the Athlit internment center. Palestine, June 27, 1946.
Refugees aboard the St. Louis wait to hear whether Cuba will grant them entry. Off the coast of Havana, Cuba, June 3, 1939.
Refugee women and children arrive by truck in Tuzla during the Bosnian War, which lasted from 1992 to 1995. They are likely coming from Srebrenica. Photo taken in March 1993.
Jewish refugees crowd together in the sleeping quarters aboard the Exodus 1947. July 1947,
Refugees displaced by the violence in Syria wait at a transit center in Jordan for trucks that will take them to the Zaatari refugee camp. February 2014.
Refugees displaced by the violence in Syria walk to a transit center in Jordan where they will be transported to the Zaatari refugee camp. February 2014.
Belgian refugees in Paris during World War I, the first great international conflict of the twentieth century. Paris, France, 1914.
Refugees in a camp in eastern Chad for refugees from the Darfur region of neighboring Sudan. Jerry Fowler, Staff Director of the Museum's Committee on Conscience, visited in May 2004 to hear firsthand the refugees' accounts of the genocidal violence they faced and of being driven into the desert.
Refugees line up in a camp in eastern Chad for refugees from the Darfur region of neighboring Sudan. Jerry Fowler, Staff Director of the Museum's Committee on Conscience, visited in May 2004 to hear firsthand the refugees' accounts of the genocidal violence they faced and of being driven into the desert.
Refugees from the Sudetenland, following its annexation by Germany, arrive in Prague. Prague, Czechoslovakia, ca. October 1938.
Refugees in the Gare de Lyon in Paris during World War I. Paris, France, photograph taken ca. 1914–15.
Soviet refugees sit around a fire in a makeshift camp, following the German invasion of Soviet territory on June 22, 1941. Soviet Union, between 1941 and 1944.
Civilians flee Warsaw following the German invasion of Poland. Hundreds of thousands of both Jewish refugees and non-Jewish refugees fled the advancing German army into eastern Poland, hoping that the Polish army would halt the German advance in the west. Many of the refugees fled without a specific destination in mind. They traveled on foot or by any available transport—cars, bicycles, carts, or trucks—clogging roads to the east. Most took only what they could carry.
Refugees from Nazi Germany on board the St. Louis en route to Cuba. The passengers were denied entry into Cuba and the US and were forced to return to Europe. 1939.
Refugees displaced by violence in Syria board trucks at a transit center in Jordan that will take them to the Zaatari refugee camp in February 2014.
Refugees who were removed from the Exodus 1947 refugee ship walk to another ship which will return them to Europe. Haifa, Palestine, July 1947.
Regina and Victor celebrate their 50th wedding anniversary. New York City, May 3, 2003.
Regina and Victor with their two sons, Harry (left) and Paul (right) at the World's Fair, New York, 1964.
Regina at the Dueppel displaced persons camp in Berlin-Schlachtensee. Germany, September 10, 1946.
Regina (third from left) with friends while at the Dueppel displaced persons camp. Berlin, Germany, May 20, 1946.
Regina Gelb displays an album of her prewar family photographs. 2004.
Regina and her mother at the Busko-Zdroj spa (note that her mother used a cane and little Regina has been given a child's cane). Poland, early 1930s.
Regina (top, left) with friends at a dance in Berlin. Germany, December 26, 1946.
Regina in her college dormitory room at Indiana University. Bloomington, Indiana, 1952.
Regina upon graduation from Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn, New York, February 3, 1949.
Regina at Zelazowa Wola (near Warsaw), the birthplace of Frederick Chopin, during a visit to Poland in August 1980.
Regina (left) with two friends at Thomas Jefferson High School, Brooklyn, New York, 1948.
Rozalia (Krysia Laks) Lerman, Miles Lerman, and Regina Laks stand on the deck of the Marine Perch while en route to the United States. January 1947.
Regina with sons Harry and Paul in a swimming pool. August 1968.
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