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  • Maria Nemeth

    ID Card

    Maria's parents lived in Szentes, a town in southeastern Hungary, located 30 miles from the city of Szeged. Her mother, Barbara, was born in the neighboring town of Hodmezovasarhely, but moved to Szentes when she married. Maria's father was a dentist. 1933-39: Maria was born in 1932. In 1937 her mother took in a young Austrian woman who lived with the family and helped Maria learn German. 1940-44: In March 1944 German troops occupied Hungary. Members of the Hungarian fascist party, Arrow Cross,…

    Maria Nemeth
  • Jermie Adler

    ID Card

    The second of seven children, Jermie was born to poor, religious Jewish parents at a time when Selo-Solotvina was part of Hungary. Orphaned as a young boy, he earned a living by working at odd jobs. In the 1920s he married a woman from his village. Together, they moved to Liege, Belgium, in search of better economic opportunities. There, they raised three daughters. 1933-39: In Liege the Adlers lived in an apartment above a cafe, and Jermie and his wife ran a successful tailoring business. Their children…

    Tags: Belgium
    Jermie Adler
  • Operation Harvest Festival

    Timeline Event

    November 3, 1943. On this date, SS and police units implemented "Operation Harvest Festival" (also known as Aktion Erntefest).

    Operation Harvest Festival
  • Chart with the title "Die Nürnberger Gesetze" [Nuremberg Race Laws]

    Photo

    Chart with the title "Die Nürnberger Gesetze" [Nuremberg Race Laws]. In the fall of 1935, German Jews lost their citizenship according to the definitions posed in these new regulations. Only "full" Germans were entitled to the full protection of the law. This chart was used to aid Germans in understanding the laws. White circles represent "Aryan" Germans, black circles represent Jews, and partially shaded circles represent “mixed raced” individuals. The chart has columns explaining the…

    Chart with the title "Die Nürnberger Gesetze" [Nuremberg Race Laws]
  • Anti-Jewish sign in Bavaria

    Photo

    An anti-Jewish sign posted on a street in Bavaria reads "Jews are not wanted here." Julien Bryan took this photograph while visiting Germany in 1937. Back in the United States, Bryan regularly gave lectures with accompanying motion pictures to convey the looming dangers he foresaw in Europe. During one of these presentations in 1938, he said: "And then a sign like this. Along the Rhine you see these signs against the Jew everywhere, … all through central and southern Germany, saying simply and…

    Anti-Jewish sign in Bavaria
  • Bodies of Czech resistance fighters in front of the Carlo Boromeo Church

    Photo

    The bodies of SS General Reinhard Heydrich's assassins and five other operatives were displayed in front of the Carlo Boromeo Church (now the St. Cyril and Methodius Church). On May 27, 1942, two Czech parachute agents (Jan Kubis and Josef Gabcik) succeeded in rolling a hand grenade under Heydrich's vehicle. Heydrich later died from his wounds. Kubis and Gabcik went into hiding, joining with five other operatives in the Carlo Boromeo Church in Prague. On June 18, however, Nazi authorities became aware of…

    Bodies of Czech resistance fighters in front of the Carlo Boromeo Church
  • Frank Hamburger describes the Ohrdruf camp

    Oral History

    Frank F. Hamburger, Jr., of Columbus, Georgia, was with the 65th Infantry Division.

    Frank Hamburger describes the Ohrdruf camp
  • US veteran James Rose describes his impressions of Dachau upon liberation

    Oral History

    James A. Rose, of Toledo, Ohio, was with the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.

    US veteran James Rose describes his impressions of Dachau upon liberation
  • Miso (Michael) Vogel describes the crematoria at Auschwitz-Birkenau

    Oral History

    In 1939, Slovak fascists took over Topol'cany, where Miso lived. In 1942, Miso was deported to the Slovak-run Novaky camp and then to Auschwitz. At Auschwitz, he was tattooed with the number 65,316, indicating that 65,315 prisoners preceded him in that series of numbering. He was forced to labor in the Buna works and then in the Birkenau "Kanada" detachment, unloading incoming trains. In late 1944, prisoners were transferred to camps in Germany. Miso escaped during a death march from Landsberg and was…

    Miso (Michael) Vogel describes the crematoria at Auschwitz-Birkenau
  • Rachel Mutterperl Goldfarb describes partisan attacks on Germans

    Oral History

    The Germans established a ghetto in Dokszyce in late 1941. Rachel hid during the liquidation of the ghetto in 1942, and she and her mother escaped to another ghetto. When the second ghetto was about to be liquidated, they escaped again. Rachel and her mother joined a band of partisans in the forest. She helped her mother to cook, and also cleaned weapons. Rachel and her mother tried to leave Europe when the war ended. They eventually arrived in the United States, in 1947.

    Rachel Mutterperl Goldfarb describes partisan attacks on Germans

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