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  • Fritzie Weiss Fritzshall describes the death march from Auschwitz

    Oral History

    Fritzie's father immigrated to the United States, but by the time he could bring his family over, war had begun and Fritzie's mother feared attacks on transatlantic shipping. Fritzie, her mother, and two brothers were eventually sent to Auschwitz. Her mother and brothers died. Fritzie survived by pretending to be older than her age and thus a stronger worker. On a death march from Auschwitz, Fritzie ran into a forest, where she was later liberated.

    Fritzie Weiss Fritzshall describes the death march from Auschwitz
  • Herbert Oppenheimer describes activities of the Hitler Youth

    Oral History

    Herbert Oppenheimer was born on January 4, 1926, in Berlin, Germany. He lived with foster parents, who were Seventh-Day Adventists. While living with his foster parents, he had to join Hitler Youth along with everyone else in his class at school. During this time, he learned that he was Jewish. The school consequently expelled him from the Hitler Youth. All prospective members of the Hitler Youth had to be "Aryans." He had to leave his foster parents in April 1939, and lived in an orphanage run by the…

    Herbert Oppenheimer describes activities of the Hitler Youth
  • Resistance

    Animated Map

    View an animated map describing acts of resistance to Nazi oppression, ranging from armed resistance to acts of spiritual preservation.

    Resistance
  • The Holocaust

    Animated Map

    View an animated map showing key events of the Holocaust, the persecution and murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazi regime and its allies and collaborators.

    The Holocaust
  • Einsatzgruppen massacre sites in Ukraine and surrounding areas

    Map

    In the summer of 1941, following Germany's attack on the Soviet Union, the Germans began to perpetrate mass shootings of Jewish men, women, and children in territory seized from Soviet forces. These murders were part of the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question,” the mass murder of Europe’s Jews. Many of these mass shootings were organized and committed by task forces or special action groups, called Einsatzgruppen in German. Units of Einsatzgruppen followed the German army as it invaded the Soviet…

    Einsatzgruppen massacre sites in Ukraine and surrounding areas
  • British Forces Approach Neuengamme

    Timeline Event

    May 4, 1945. On this date, the SS troops evacuated approximately 9,000 prisoners from Neuengamme in advance of the British troops' approach.

    British Forces Approach Neuengamme
  • Liberation of Mauthausen

    Timeline Event

    May 5, 1945. On this date, US troops liberated Mauthausen concentration camp. Days before, a group of prisoners took control of Mauthausen.

    Liberation of Mauthausen
  • Preben Munch-Nielsen describes the precautions taken during boat crossings which took Jews to safety in Sweden

    Oral History

    Preben was born to a Protestant family in Snekkersten, a small fishing village. The Germans invaded Denmark in 1940. Preben became a courier in the resistance. When the Gestapo (German Secret State Police) began hunting down Jews in Denmark in October 1943, Preben helped hide refugees in houses near the shore and led them to boats which took them to Sweden. Preben himself had to take refuge in Sweden in November 1943. He returned to Denmark in May 1945.

    Preben Munch-Nielsen describes the precautions taken during boat crossings which took Jews to safety in Sweden
  • Preben Munch-Nielsen describes the Danish people's responsibility to help their Jewish fellow citizens

    Oral History

    Preben was born to a Protestant family in Snekkersten, a small fishing village. The Germans invaded Denmark in 1940. Preben became a courier in the resistance. When the Gestapo (German Secret State Police) began hunting down Jews in Denmark in October 1943, Preben helped hide refugees in houses near the shore and led them to boats which took them to Sweden. Preben himself had to take refuge in Sweden in November 1943. He returned to Denmark in May 1945.

    Preben Munch-Nielsen describes the Danish people's responsibility to help their Jewish fellow citizens
  • Beno Helmer describes conditions in the Lodz ghetto

    Oral History

    As a young man, Beno used his foreign language skills to land small movie roles. He and his family were deported to the Lodz ghetto, where they struggled daily to find food. In the underground, Beno became an expert at derailing trains. The family was sent to Auschwitz and was separated. All but Beno and one sister, whom he found after the war, died. Beno survived a series of camps and later helped to track war criminals.

    Tags: Lodz ghettos
    Beno Helmer describes conditions in the Lodz ghetto

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