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  • Vladimir Lenin

    Photo

    Vladimir Lenin was the leader of a faction of Russian communists known as the Bolsheviks. After the Russian Revolution broke out in 1917, Lenin seized control and established the Soviet Union. Photographed circa 1920. The Nazis had declared themselves the sworn enemies of Bolshevik Russia, its architect and dictator Vladimir Lenin, and his successor Josef Stalin.

    Vladimir Lenin
  • Joachim von Ribbentrop

    Photo

    Foreign Minister of Germany from 1938 to 1945, Joachim von Ribbentrop sits in his cell during the Nuremberg trials. Photographed circa November 20, 1945 – October 01, 1946.

    Joachim von Ribbentrop
  • Propaganda slide for Hitler Youth

    Photo

    Propaganda slide for a Hitler Youth educational presentation entitled "German Achievements in the East." Circa 1934–1937.

    Propaganda slide for Hitler Youth
  • Prisoners in the roll call area at Melk

    Photo

    Newly arrived prisoners are assembled in the Appellplatz (roll call area) at the Melk camp, a subcamp of Mauthausen in Austria. 1944–45.

    Prisoners in the roll call area at Melk
  • Pearl Harbor

    Photo

    Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.

    Pearl Harbor
  • Nazi "Euthanasia" Program

    Photo

    Psychiatric patients are evacuated to clinics where they will be murdered as part of the Nazi Euthanasia Program. Photo taken in Germany and dated circa 1942–1944. The term "euthanasia" usually refers to causing a painless death for a chronically or terminally ill individual who would otherwise suffer. In the Nazi context, however, "euthanasia" was a euphemistic or indirect term for a clandestine murder program that targeted individuals with physical and mental disabilities.

    Nazi "Euthanasia" Program
  • Nazi Racial Propaganda

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    Nazi propaganda depicting two racial portraits of individuals considered non-Aryan. The original caption reads: "Then these are barely recognizable as human beings." Circa 1933–1943.

    Nazi Racial Propaganda
  • Segregation in the United States

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    A segregated drinking fountain on the county courthouse lawn in Halifax, North Carolina. Photographed by John Vachon in April 1938.

    Segregation in the United States
  • The Ku Klux Klan

    Photo

    The Ku Klux Klan marches down Pennsylvania Ave in Washington, DC. Photograph by Harris & Ewing, 1926.  

    The Ku Klux Klan
  • American cartoon responding to racism and the refugee crisis

    Photo

    Cartoon depicting the United States' response to the refugee crisis in Europe, as well as the racism and discrimination African Americans faced at home. The Pittsburgh Courier, April 16, 1938. Page 10. Domestic concerns in the United States, including unemployment and national security, combined with prevalent antisemitism and racism, shaped America's immigration policies, responses to Nazism, and willingness to aid European Jews.

    American cartoon responding to racism and the refugee crisis
  • German occupation of Poland

    Photo

    A German soldier guards a group of Poles and Jews who have been rounded-up and forced to stand in a line with their arms raised, Poland, September 1939. 

    German occupation of Poland
  • Destruction in Belarus

    Photo

    German troops view the burning of a village in the Rogachyevo district of Gomel, Belarus, 1941.

    Tags: Soviet Union
    Destruction in Belarus
  • German treatment of Soviet POWs

    Photo

    A German guard sitting on the end of a 20mm gun platform watches over 50,000 Soviet Prisoners of War (POWs) at Stalag 349, Ukraine, August 14, 1941.

    German treatment of Soviet POWs
  • Display regarding the "Jewish Question"

    Photo

    A Hochheim parade float proceeds down the Kirchstrasse, passing by a display box for Der Stürmer, an antisemitic newspaper. The display box bears the slogan, "Without a solution to the Jewish question, there is no salvation for the German people." Hochheim am Main, Germany, circa 1934–1940.

    Display regarding the "Jewish Question"
  • Adolf Hitler walks and converses in a group with other Nazis

    Photo

    Adolf Hitler (center) walks with other members of the Nazi Party, circa 1933–1934. Directly behind him is SA Chief of Staff Ernst Röhm, whom Hitler would order the SS to kill during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.

    Tags: Nazi Party
    Adolf Hitler walks and converses in a group with other Nazis
  • Spectators cheer as Hitler leaves for the Reichstag

    Photo

    Cheering spectators greet Hitler upon his departure for the Reichstag session at which the Enabling Act was passed. The act allowed the government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society.

    Spectators cheer as Hitler leaves for the Reichstag
  • Prewar portrait of Dorrith Oppenheim

    Photo

    Dorrith was born in Kassel, Germany, in December 1938. Her parents were Hans and Trudi Oppenheim. Following increased anti-Jewish measures, Dorrith was among the children sent on Kindertransports to find refuge in the United Kingdom. She left Germany on July 24, 1939. She never saw her parents again. They were deported to Auschwitz, where they perished in October 1944.

    Prewar portrait of Dorrith Oppenheim
  • SS troops enter the Kroll Opera House

    Photo

    On the day of the vote on the so-called Enabling Act, the Nazi leadership sent SS troops into the makeshift Reichstag building, formerly the Kroll Opera, to intimidate other political parties. Berlin, Germany, March 23, 1933. The Enabling Act allowed the Reich government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society. The full name of the law was the “Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich.”

    SS troops enter the Kroll Opera House
  • Personal Stories: Jewish Partisans

    Project

    The following list of Jewish partisans features personal stories from the Jewish Partisan Educ...

    Personal Stories: Jewish Partisans
  • The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students

    Project

    Learning about the Holocaust is one way to honor those lost. Browse our learning site for students as a resource for Holocaust-education projects.

    The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students
  • Women's History Month

    Project

    The history of women during the Holocaust is complex.

    Tags: women
    Women's History Month
  • Diaries and Journals

    Project

    Diaries reveal some of the most heart-wrenching accounts of the Holocaust. They record the feelings of loss, fear, and sometimes hope of those facing extraordinary peril.

    Diaries and Journals
  • The Holocaust and World War II in Ukraine

    Project

    Explore the history of Jews in Ukraine before, during, and after the Holocaust through articles, personal stories, historical photographs, artifacts, maps, and more.

    Tags: Ukraine
    The Holocaust and World War II in Ukraine
  • Nazi Propaganda

    Series

    Key principles, strategies, and people in the history of Nazi propaganda during the Nazi rise to power, the Third Reich, "Final Solution," and World War II.

  • North Africa

    Series

    Learn about North Africa's Jewish communities; WWII military campaigns in North Africa; Vichy's introduction of race laws; and networks of labor camps in North Africa.

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