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Destroyers of the Royal Navy carry British troops evacuated from Dunkirk. Dover, England, May 31, 1940. IWM (H 1640)
David Bayer lived in Kozienice, Poland. Explore his biography and learn about his experiences during World War II and the Holocaust.
October 30, 1943. On this date, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union signed the Moscow Declaration during the Third Moscow Conference.
August 14, 1941. On this date, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter establishing postwar priorities.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill during the Atlantic Conference on Placentia Bay in Newfoundland, Canada. Also pictured are the president’s sons, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. (far left) and Elliott Roosevelt (far right). August 9, 1941.
May 1937. Neville Chamberlain became British prime minister and followed a policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany.
April 26, 1933. On this date, the British ambassador to Germany warned the British government about the principles outlined in Hitler’s Mein Kampf.
July 10, 1940. On this date, Germany and Britain began fighting for air control of the English Channel in the Battle of Britain.
March 14, 1938. Days after Nazi Germany annexed Austria, Churchill delivered a warning about German aggression.
Learn about responses in the United States to reports about Nazi anti-Jewish policies and violence against Jews from 1933–37.
Adolf Hitler authorized the murder of people with disabilities sometime in autumn 1939 but backdated the order to the start of World War II.
August 18, 1939. On this date, German officials ordered the registration of infants and toddlers showing signs of mental or physical disabilities.
September 15, 1938. On this date, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler at the German leader’s home in Berchtesgaden.
September 3, 1939. On this date, Great Britain and France declared war on Germany after the German invasion of Poland.
September 30, 1938. On this date, Neville Chamberlain addressed the public after signing the Munich Agreement, proclaiming "I believe it is peace for our time."
May 28, 1937. On this date, Neville Chamberlain succeeded Stanley Baldwin as British prime minister.
In July 1938, 32 nations met in Evian, France, to discuss immigration policies for Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany. Learn how these discussions impacted Jewish lives.
September 17, 1945. On this date, the Belsen Trial began. Forty-five defendants were charged for crimes committed at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
March 5, 1946. On this date, Winston Churchill delivered his postwar “Iron Curtain” speech.
May 10, 1940. On this date, Winston Churchill succeeded Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister.
October 5, 1938. On this date, Winston Churchill delivered a speech denouncing the Munich Agreement.
A sergeant pilot of the British Royal Air Force sits in the cockpit of his Spitfire in September 1940. Between July 10 and October 31, 1940, Germany and Britain fought for air control of the English Channel in the Battle of Britain. IWM (HU 104502)
Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust.
US immigration and refugee laws and policies evolved in response to World War I, the 1918 influenza pandemic, and World War II and the Holocaust. Learn more.
Explore Estelle Laughlin’s biography and learn about her experiences during the Warsaw ghetto uprising.
We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies, Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation, the Claims Conference, EVZ, and BMF for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of donor acknowledgement.
