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Living quarters in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, between 1941 and 1945.
Women prisoners lie on thin mattresses on the floor of a barracks in the women's camp in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Czechoslovakia, between 1941 and 1945.
A transport of Jewish prisoners forced to march through the snow from the Bauschovitz train station to Theresienstadt. Czechoslovakia, 1942.
Dutch Jews who have recently arrived in the Theresienstadt ghetto. Czechoslovakia, February 1944.
Standing room ticket for an opera performed on April 21, 1945, in the Theresienstadt ghetto.
Red triangle patch worn by Czech political prisoner Karel Bruml in Theresienstadt. The letter "T" stands for "Tscheche" (Czech in German).
1942 portrait of Ita Guttman with her twin children Rene and Renate. When the twins were very young, the family moved to Prague. In the fall of 1941 the Germans arrested Ita's husband, Herbert. Subsequently, the twins and their mother were deported to Theresienstadt, and from there, to Auschwitz.
Children's painting showing of Jews celebrating Hannukah. This painting, which was probably drawn by either Michael or Marietta Grunbaum, was made in Theresienstadt and then pasted into a scrapbook by their mother shortly after liberation. Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, ca. 1943.
Photograph of the water tower of the Old Town Mills in Prague. After her deportation to the Theresienstadt ghetto in Czechoslovakia, Helene Reik yearned to record what was happening to her. This photograph was sent to Helene, who used it as paper for her diary in Theresienstadt. Helene’s makeshift diary offers wistful memories of her husband and parents who died before the war, loving thoughts of her family who had left Europe in 1939, and a firsthand account of the illness and hospitalization that…
Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at the palace of Versailles witness the German delegation's acceptance of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. The treaty formally ended World War I. Versailles, France, June 28, 1919.
During the remilitarization of the Rhineland, German civilians salute German forces crossing the Rhine River in open violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Mainz, Germany, March 7, 1936.
Jewish residents of the Szeged ghetto assemble for deportation. Szeged, Hungary, June 1944.
Jewish women, children, and the elderly await deportation at the railroad station in Koszeg, a small town in northwestern Hungary. Koszeg, Hungary, 1944.
Jewish deportees marching down a main street of Koszeg during the deportation of Hungarian Jews. Koszeg, Hungary, May 1944.
A deserted street in the area of the Sighet Marmatiei ghetto. This photograph was taken after the deportation of the ghetto population. Sighet Marmatiei, Hungary, May 1944.
Street scene in the Jewish quarter of Paris before World War II and the Holocaust. Paris, France, 1933–39.
Foreign Jews arrested in Paris at the Austerlitz train station before deportation to the French-administered internment camps Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande in the Loire region. Paris, France, ca. May 1941.
Lion Feuchtwanger (1884–1958), German-Jewish novelist, playwright, essayist, during his internment in the Les Milles camp. Les Milles, France, 1940.
French government announcement concerning antisemitic legislation. Paris, France, December 10, 1941.
"Aryanization" in France: this shop, belonging to Jews, has been given to a non-Jewish "temporary administrator." Paris, April 1942.
Identification card of Berthe Levy Cahen, issued by the French police in Lyon, stamped "Juif" ("Jew"). France, August 7, 1942.
In German-occupied Paris, the fence around a children's public playground bears a sign forbidding entrance to Jews. Paris, France, November 1942.
A group of Jewish women in Paris. They are wearing the required yellow badges. Paris, France, June 8, 1942.
During the battle to liberate the French capital, a barricade is hastily built near the cathedral of Notre Dame. Paris, France, August 1944.
French General Charles de Gaulle and resistance leader Georges Bidault confer before marching down the Champs-Elysees to Notre Dame in ceremonies marking the liberation of the French capital. Paris, France, August 1944.
Shoshane Varmel Levy and her son, Jules, wearing the compulsory yellow badge, on a street in Antwerp. Belgium, June 1942.
Three SS officers at the Breendonk internment camp: from left, First Lieutenant Hans Kantschuster, Master Sergeant Walter Mueller, and Second Lieutenant Artur Prauss. Breendonk, Belgium, between 1940 and 1944.
A Jewish child, Jacky Borzykowski, with the priest who placed him in hiding on a farm. Belgium, 1943.
The Anciaux family with Annie and Charles Klein (front), Jewish children whom they sheltered during the war. Brussels, Belgium, between 1943 and 1945. Carle Enelow and Yettanda Stewart (born Charles and Annie Klein) were Jewish siblings who were hidden during the war by the family of Emile Anciaux, a Belgian Catholic. Charles and Annie's parents were deported from Mechelen (Malines) to Auschwitz, where they were murdered (their father on October 31, 1942, and their mother on January 15, 1944). After the…
Portrait of Mother Superior Alfonse, who hid Jewish children from the Nazis in the Dominican Convent of Lubbeek near Hasselt. Yad Vashem recognized her as Righteous Among the Nations. Belgium, wartime
Karl-Heinz Kusserow, a Jehovah's witness who was imprisoned by the Nazis because of his beliefs. He was a prisoner in the Dachau and Sachsenhausen concentration camps in Germany.
German forces during the military assault on Rotterdam during the Western Campaign. Rotterdam, the Netherlands, May 1940.
Austrian Nazi Arthur Seyss-Inquart. After the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940, a civil administration was installed under SS auspices. Seyss-Inquart was appointed Reich Commissar.
German police round up Jews in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam, blockaded following anti-Nazi violence. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, February 22, 1941.
Members of the paramilitary organization of the Dutch Nazi Party stand in the doorway of a restaurant. The sign states "Jews are not desired." Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1941–42.
View of the Vught transit camp. Vught, the Netherlands, after September 9, 1944.
A Polish town lies in ruins following the German invasion of Poland, which began on September 1, 1939.
German troops arriving in Norway by ship prepare for landing during the German invasion of Norway. May 3, 1940.
German troops disembarking from a troop transport during the German invasion of Norway. May 3, 1940.
German troops and planes on an improvised airfield during the battle for Norway, May 3, 1940.
German troops during the invasion of Yugoslavia, which began on April 6, 1941.
German Stuka dive-bombers fly over Yugoslavia during the German invasion of Yugoslavia, which began on April 6, 1941. Yugoslavia, ca. April 6, 1941.
SS troops advance during the invasion of Greece. The invasion of the Balkans began in April 1941. Greece, wartime.
Antisemitic graffiti on Jewish-owned businesses on a Danzig street in 1935. The local Nazi Party had dominated the Danzig Senate since 1933. Danzig, 1935.
A young man looks at the antisemitic caricature in the display window of the Danzig office of "Der Stürmer." The poster reads: "The Jews are our misfortune." Danzig, 1939.
Antisemitic graffiti on a Jewish-owned shop that has been forced to close. Danzig, 1939.
Saluting Germans greet Adolf Hitler (standing at front of car) as he enters Danzig. The Danzig District was incorporated into Greater Germany following the invasion of Poland. Danzig, September 19, 1939.
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