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The Nuremberg Race Laws
ArticleWhat were the Nuremberg Race Laws? On September 15, 1935, the Nazi regime announced two new laws: The Reich Citizenship Law The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor These laws informally became known as the Nuremberg Laws or Nuremberg Race Laws. This is because they were first announced at a Nazi Party rally held in the German city of Nuremberg. Why did the Nazis enact the Nuremberg Race Laws? The Nuremberg Race LawsThe Nazis enacted the Nuremberg Laws, because they…
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The Nuremberg Courtroom
ArticleWhy Nuremberg? During the summer of 1945, SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force), and its successor organization USFET (US Forces, European Theater) conducted a survey of possible locations for the International Military Tribunal (IMT). They concluded that Nuremberg should be selected as the location. Despite the fact that more than three quarters of the city lay in rubble, Nuremberg contained the only undamaged facilities—the Palace of Justice—that were extensive enough to…
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Nuremberg Race Laws
ArticleThe Nuremberg Race Laws were two in a series of key decrees, legislative acts, and case law in...
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Building the Courtroom, Building the Case
ArticleThe Allied powers made major modifications to the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg to accommodate the postwar International Military Tribunal. See photos and read more.
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Combating Holocaust Denial: Evidence of the Holocaust presented at Nuremberg
ArticleAt the Nuremberg trials, Allied prosecutors submitted documentation left by the Nazi state itself. This evidence is a lasting refutation of attempts to deny the Holocaust.
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How Were the Crimes Defined?
ArticleToday, a body of international criminal law exists to prosecute perpetrators of mass atrocities. Learn about principles and precedents from the Nuremberg Charter and the IMT.
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Nuremberg Trials
ArticleTrials of top surviving German leaders for Nazi Germany’s crimes began in Nuremberg after World War II. Read about the Nuremberg trials.
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Newspaper headlines about the sentences given at the International Military Tribunal
PhotoAn American correspondent reads a special edition of the Nürnberger newspaper reporting the sentences handed down by the International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg, Germany, October 1, 1946.
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Press reports of the sentences handed down by the International Military Tribunal
PhotoPeople gather in the street to read a special edition of the Nurnberger newspaper reporting the sentences handed down by the International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg, Germany, October 1, 1946.
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Prisoners of the Gestapo
PhotoPrisoners march in the courtyard of the Gestapo headquarters in Nuremberg. The original caption to the photograph reads: "The courtyard of the Gestapo headquarters, Nurnberg. These appear to be Frenchmen taken to Germany as slave laborers".
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Documenting war crimes trials
PhotoView of the mimeograph room in the Palace of Justice at Nuremberg after the transcripts on the sentencing of the defendants in the High Command Case had been run off. The reproduction of documents during the Nuremberg trials, often in four languages, was a huge logistical challenge. Nuremberg, Germany, 1948. (Source record ID: A65III/RA-121-D)
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Who Was Put on Trial?
ArticleThe International Military Tribunal charged 24 defendants representing a cross-section of German diplomatic, economic, political, and military leadership.
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William (Bill) Zeck describes the role of the Nuremberg trials in establishing a historical record
Oral HistoryBefore joining the US Army, Zeck—a lawyer—worked for the Board of Economic Warfare. In 1946, he was hired to work on preparations for the Nuremberg trials. In his search for documents pertaining to the I. G. Farben company's involvement in the war, Zeck also met attorney Belle Mayer, his future wife. Both Zeck and Mayer were involved in preparing the indictment in the I. G. Farben trial held at Nuremberg.
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Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings, Case #6, The IG Farben Case
ArticleAfter World War II ended, the Allies established courts in each of th...
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International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg
ArticleThe International Military Tribunal (IMT) opened in Nuremberg within months of Germany’s surrender. Learn about the judges, defendants, charges, and legacies.
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Postwar Trials
ArticleEfforts to bring the perpetrators of Nazi-era crimes to justice continue into the 21st century. Learn more.
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The defendants' box at the Nuremberg trial
PhotoThe defendants' box at the Nuremberg trial. Hermann Göring is seated at the far left of the first row. Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946.
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Remodeling of the Palace of Justice
PhotoView during the remodeling of the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg in preparation for the International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg, Germany, 1945.
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US troops in Nuremberg
PhotoThe inhabitants of Nuremberg watch a parade of US troops through their city. Nuremberg, Germany, 1946.
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The defendants in the dock during the Justice Case
PhotoThe defendants in the dock during the Justice Case, Case #3 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. Nuremberg, Germany, 1947.
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How did postwar trials shape approaches to international justice?
Discussion QuestionThe aftermath of the Holocaust raised questions about the search for justice in the wake of mass atrocity and genocide. The World War II Allied powers provided a major, highly public model for establishing internation...
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Judgment Day at the International Military Tribunal
PhotoAn armored car parked outside the gate of the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg on the day the judgment of the International Military Tribunal was handed down. Nuremberg, Germany, October 1, 1946.
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The defendants in the Hostage Case
PhotoThe defendants in the dock (at rear, with headphones) and their lawyers (front) follow the proceedings of the Hostage Case, case #7 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. Nuremberg, Germany, 1947-48.
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Bomb damage in Nuremberg
PhotoView of the bombed-out city of Nuremberg. Visible in the distance is the twin-spired Lorenz Church, and on the right, a statue of Kaiser Wilhelm I. Nuremberg, Germany, 1945.
