We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of all donors.
Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935) was a German Jewish doctor and a leading researcher of sex, sexuality, and gender. He wrote and lectured widely on these topics, treated and advised patients, and worked to promote the rights of those who did not conform to existing gender or sexual norms. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933, Hirschfeld was forced to live in exile. The Nazis vandalized his Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin and forced it to close.
Article
Introduction to the HolocaustArticle
Gay Men under the Nazi RegimeArticle
Lesbians under the Nazi RegimeArticle
Mass Shootings of Jews during the HolocaustArticle
Invasion of the Soviet Union, June 1941Article
Magnus HirschfeldArticle
D-DayArticle
Anne Frank Biography: Who was Anne Frank?Article
Treaty of VersaillesLearn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust
Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust.
How and why was the Holocaust possible?