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![Axis leaders Adolf Hitler and Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini meet in Munich, Germany, 1940. [LCID: 80504]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/9ffb612d-3757-4118-9d36-6a83dda0f0c9.jpg.pagespeed.ce.xv_TZrPjN1.jpg)
Featured Article
Axis Powers in World War II
The three principal partners in the Axis alliance were Germany, Italy, and Japan. These three countries recognized German and Italian dominance in continental Europe, as well as Japanese domination over East Asia. Five other European states joined the Axis alliance during World War II. All of Germany’s European Axis allies participated to some degree in the persecution and murder of Jews during the Holocaust.
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Discussion Question
How did postwar trials shape approaches to international justice?
![Storefronts of Jewish-owned businesses damaged during the Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") pogrom. [LCID: 4315]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/ed400cf5-3397-4a1f-8cec-2ece2e7a90e7.jpg.pagespeed.ce.4bM_aPl6I0.jpg)
![A large crowd gathers in front of the Rathaus to hear the exhortations of Julius Streicher during the Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler's ... [LCID: 06830]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/c788d22c-9de1-4f91-8469-710a89185788.jpg.pagespeed.ce.xCDJItpCF9.jpg)
![Adolf Hitler stands with an SA unit during a Nazi parade in Weimar [LCID: 02286]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/1e5a14c5-9521-4637-845a-55f423097328.jpg.pagespeed.ce.nXwncuV_1R.jpg)
![Page from the antisemitic German children's book, "Trau Keinem Fuchs..." [LCID: 10640e]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/000d88fa-0d84-4a28-96df-9f6e6bd26113.jpg.pagespeed.ce.XbYc9ZhwTz.jpg)
![The International Military Tribunal was a court convened jointly by the victorious Allied governments. [LCID: 61332]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/6e42d8fc-22a4-4841-966c-aef2e9fbddbb.jpg.pagespeed.ce.LPy0CV3IbU.jpg)
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How and why was the Holocaust possible?