From 1939, Karl Dönitz (1891–1980) was Commander of Germany's U-Boat fleet. In 1943, Dönitz was appointed Commander in Chief of the German War Navy. In May 1945, after Hitler committed suicide, Dönitz was appointed Reich President.

At the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Dönitz was found guilty on counts two and three (crimes against peace and war crimes). He was sentenced to ten years imprisonment.

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