![A group of Polish Jewish children (known as the "Tehran Children"), who arrived in Palestine via Iran, at the Mikveh Israel agricultural ... [LCID: 69923]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9a06749c-cba6-410c-991c-9b509ccb844d.jpeg)
Iran’s declaration of neutrality in World War II (1939–1945) was ignored by both the Soviet Union and Great Britain. The two countries each occupied parts of Iran, and later entered into an alliance with the country. At the end of 1943, the Tehran Conference took place in Iran. Additionally, more than 116,000 Polish refugees passed through Iran from the Soviet Union, looking to enter either British-controlled Mandatory Palestine or the United Kingdom. Explore more content related to Iran during the Holocaust (1933–1945).
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![A group of Polish Jewish refugee children, known as the "Tehran Children," arrives in Palestine via Iran. [LCID: 88539]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/96b13a42-5a45-489c-a99a-19b08a1f3ff5.jpeg)
![A group of Polish Jewish children (known as the "Tehran Children"), who arrived in Palestine via Iran, at the Mikveh Israel agricultural ... [LCID: 69923]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/c2172fef-26d3-4507-b8c4-bfc6ccaa56d8.jpeg)
![Six members of the Anders Army pose in front of a railcar prior to their departure for Iran. [LCID: 59496]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/bd5ab0b1-29a5-40e9-acd5-dc62c042d4ab.jpeg)
![Polish Jewish refugee children known as the "Tehran Children," who arrived in Palestine via Iran, learn agricultural skills. [LCID: 69924]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/b142c077-a19d-4d51-b24b-e7c4baae865a.jpeg)
![A Jewish girl, one of the "Tehran Children" (about 1,000 Polish Jewish refugee children who reached Palestine), upon arrival at the ... [LCID: 88634]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/e392f2d2-642d-4e94-b62f-84d20be5c461.jpeg)
![Soviet leader Joseph Stalin (left), US president Franklin D. [LCID: 10038]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/d466e2c0-bd0a-4630-a1f5-21f3d6755164.jpeg)
![A group of Polish Jewish refugee children (known as the "Tehran Children") arrives in Palestine via Iran. [LCID: 88633]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/06e0c218-7011-4abd-929e-2f1c8984d3f0.jpeg)
