Media Essay
Camps in North Africa
In Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and French West Africa, French collaborationist Vichy authorities established a network of different types of camps: penal camps, labor camps, and internment camps. These camps included Jewish and non-Jewish European refugees, those already residing in French colonial North Africa before 1940, those deported for forced labor in the Sahara, Allied prisoners of war, and civilians. These photographs depict the Im Fout forced-labor camp in Morocco and the Djelfa forced-labor camp in Algeria.