![Humiliation of prisoners: Social Democratic Party (SPD) inmates hold a placard which reads "I am a class-conscious person, party ... [LCID: 48066b]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/46cf5189-d3a9-4027-8a49-20c004c063d5.jpg "Humiliation of prisoners: Social Democratic Party (SPD) inmates hold a placard which reads \"I am a class-conscious person, party ... [LCID: 48066b]")
Humiliation of political prisoners: Social Democratic Party (SPD) inmates hold a placard which reads "I am a class-conscious person, party boss/SPD/party boss." Dachau concentration camp, Germany, between 1933 and 1936.
Item View![An author and actor who was imprisoned in 1937 for 27 months for homosexuality. [LCID: 01002]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/54fba962-396d-40fa-9081-cf402ecfebf6.jpg "An author and actor who was imprisoned in 1937 for 27 months for homosexuality. [LCID: 01002]")
Portrait of Robert T. Odeman, author and actor who was imprisoned in 1937 for 27 months for homosexuality. In 1942, he was deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp where he was a prisoner for three years. Berlin, Germany, before 1937.
Item View![An official order incarcerating the accused in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for committing homosexual acts. [LCID: 01676]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/76ddf4c5-4914-4904-9876-f8576218087e.jpg "An official order incarcerating the accused in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for committing homosexual acts. [LCID: 01676]")
An official order incarcerating the accused in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for the "offence" of homosexuality. Germany, July 1944.
The Nazis posed as moral crusaders who wanted to stamp out what they labeled as the "vice" of homosexuality in order to help Germany win the racial struggle. They persecuted homosexuals as part of their so-called moral crusade to racially and culturally purify Germany.
Item View![Polish citizens hanged by the Nazis in Sosnowiec. [LCID: 44350]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a86be095-cd4f-40f0-8743-18a0dd19be08.jpg "Polish citizens hanged by the Nazis in Sosnowiec. [LCID: 44350]")
Polish citizens hanged by the Nazis in Sosnowiec. Poland, wartime.
Item View![Waltraud Kusserow, a Jehovah's Witness, was arrested several times for refusing to make the "Heil Hitler" salute. [LCID: 68374]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/03737ec4-fe52-4c77-b25a-3ec2855253e9.jpg "Waltraud Kusserow, a Jehovah's Witness, was arrested several times for refusing to make the \"Heil Hitler\" salute. [LCID: 68374]")
Waltraud Kusserow, a Jehovah's Witness, was arrested several times for refusing to make the "Heil Hitler" salute. She spent two and a half years in prison. Germany, after 1945.
Item View![Helene Gotthold, a Jehovah's Witness, was beheaded for her religious beliefs on December 8, 1944, in Berlin. [LCID: 90787]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/e039ad36-073d-4ce5-8206-c7868a4a91f5.jpg "Helene Gotthold, a Jehovah's Witness, was beheaded for her religious beliefs on December 8, 1944, in Berlin. [LCID: 90787]")
Helene Gotthold, a Jehovah's Witness, was beheaded for her religious beliefs on December 8, 1944, in Berlin. She is pictured with her children. Germany, June 25, 1936.
Item View![Emmi G., a 16-year-old housemaid diagnosed as schizophrenic. [LCID: 79662]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/6d706f99-6267-4d03-b24b-0025b9bb29cc.jpg "Emmi G., a 16-year-old housemaid diagnosed as schizophrenic. [LCID: 79662]")
Emmi G., a 16-year-old housemaid diagnosed as schizophrenic. She was sterilized and sent to the Meseritz-Obrawalde “euthanasia” center where she was killed with an overdose of tranquilizers on December 7, 1942. Place and date uncertain.
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Photograph with the caption: "...because God cannot want the sick and ailing to reproduce." This image originates from a film, produced by the Reich Propaganda Ministry, that aimed through propaganda to develop public sympathy for the Nazi Euthanasia Program.
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A victim of the Nazi Euthanasia Program. Hospitalized in a psychiatric ward for her nonconformist beliefs and writings, she was murdered on January 26, 1944. Germany, date uncertain.
Item View![Bodies of Soviet prisoners of war. Place and date uncertain. [LCID: 79306]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/739f3c81-ce06-49b7-b4f1-6bd5e305ffaa.jpg "Bodies of Soviet prisoners of war. Place and date uncertain. [LCID: 79306]")
Bodies of Soviet prisoners of war who died in an unidentified camp. Place and date uncertain (after the German invasion of the Soviet Union).
Item View![Column of Soviet prisoners of war from the Ukrainian front. [LCID: 73422]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/ddb24a42-07b2-48fa-9d86-fdd027442a59.jpg "Column of Soviet prisoners of war from the Ukrainian front. [LCID: 73422]")
Column of Soviet prisoners of war from the eastern front. Kharkov, Soviet Union, June 18, 1942.
Item View![Soviet prisoners of war in the Mauthausen concentration camp. [LCID: 19558]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/f04fa9e1-1abe-4121-ba08-379493231403.jpg "Soviet prisoners of war in the Mauthausen concentration camp. [LCID: 19558]")
Soviet prisoners of war in the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, January 1942.
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A Romani (Gypsy) victim of Nazi medical experiments to make seawater safe to drink. Dachau concentration camp, Germany, 1944.
Item View![Romani (Gypsy) inmates at forced labor in Ravensbrueck concentration camp. [LCID: 6036]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/bdaf0808-35ac-4c72-a564-45b5e83c269f.jpg "Romani (Gypsy) inmates at forced labor in Ravensbrueck concentration camp. [LCID: 6036]")
Romani (Gypsy) inmates stand at attention during an inspection of the weaving mill, site of forced labor in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. In this workshop prisoners wove reed mats used to reinforce roads in swampy regions of the eastern front. Germany, between 1941 and 1944.
This photograph is from an SS propaganda album.
Item View![Romani (Gypsy) prisoners line up for roll call in the Dachau concentration camp. [LCID: 10742]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/452c0506-dce5-4d08-a7c6-884c8dfb60a3.jpg "Romani (Gypsy) prisoners line up for roll call in the Dachau concentration camp. [LCID: 10742]")
Romani (Gypsy) prisoners line up for roll call in the Dachau concentration camp. Germany, June 20, 1938.
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Under SA guard, a group of leading Socialists arrives at the Kislau camp, one of the early concentration camps. Local Social Democratic party leader Ludwig Marum is fourth from the left in the line of arrivals. Kislau, Germany, May 16, 1933.
Item View![Interior designer from Duesseldorf who was charged with homosexuality and imprisoned for 18 months. [LCID: 01679]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/929c1190-4cd1-4d33-9904-38cf32cb8918.jpg "Interior designer from Duesseldorf who was charged with homosexuality and imprisoned for 18 months. [LCID: 01679]")
Interior designer from Duesseldorf who was charged with homosexuality and imprisoned for 18 months. Duesseldorf, Germany, date uncertain.
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