After the Kristallnacht pogrom, German civilians line the streets to watch the forced march of Jewish men through the town. Baden-Baden, Germany, November 10, 1938.
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During Kristallnacht, groups of Nazis vandalized storefronts of Jewish-owned businesses on Potsdamer Straße, a commercial street in central Berlin. These businesses were among the thousands of stores and homes damaged during the nationwide anti-Jewish riot. Berlin, Germany, November 10, 1938.
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These Torah scrolls, one from a synagogue in Vienna and the other from Marburg, were desecrated during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"), the violent anti-Jewish pogrom of November 9 and 10, 1938. The pogrom occurred throughout Germany, which by then included both Austria and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. The scrolls pictured here were retrieved by German individuals and safeguarded until after the war.
Item View![A knitwear store emptied and destroyed during the January 21-23 Iron Guard pogrom. [LCID: 73481]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/ba26097c-67ff-457a-9946-30b7cf8fbb92.jpeg "A knitwear store emptied and destroyed during the January 21-23 Iron Guard pogrom. [LCID: 73481]")
A knitwear store that was emptied and destroyed during the January 21-23 Iron Guard pogrom. Bucharest, Romania, January 1941.
Item View![Police force Romanian Jews, survivors of a pogrom in Iasi, to board a train during their expulsion from Iasi to Calarasi. [LCID: 67288]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/ac8c77c2-e32b-4417-b484-5eeb1d458c2f.jpg "Police force Romanian Jews, survivors of a pogrom in Iasi, to board a train during their expulsion from Iasi to Calarasi. [LCID: 67288]")
Police force Romanian Jews, survivors of a pogrom in Iasi, to board a train during their expulsion from Iasi to Calarasi. Iasi, Romania, late June 1941.
Item View![Along the route from Iasi to either Calarasi or Podul IIoaei, Romanians remove corpses from a train carrying Jews deported from Iasi ... [LCID: 60517j]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/ed3a7e3f-3a2a-41d6-a818-3940da9f26a9.jpg "Along the route from Iasi to either Calarasi or Podul IIoaei, Romanians remove corpses from a train carrying Jews deported from Iasi ... [LCID: 60517j]")
Along the route from Iasi to either Calarasi or Podul IIoaei, Romanians remove corpses from a train carrying Jews deported from Iasi following a pogrom. Romania, late June or early July 1941.
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During the deportation of survivors of a pogrom in Iasi to Calarasi or Podul Iloaei, Romanians halt a train to throw off the bodies of those who had died on the way. Romania, July 1941.
Item View![A hospital ward in Kielce after a postwar pogrom. [LCID: 06148]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9102f7ea-2791-4ed4-be87-e509d3b3bd14.jpeg "A hospital ward in Kielce after a postwar pogrom. [LCID: 06148]")
A hospital ward in Kielce after a postwar pogrom. Kielce, Poland, July 6, 1946.
Item View![A woman mourns by the coffins of Jews who died in the Kielce pogrom. [LCID: 63688a]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/d9768d29-1c70-4095-ac6b-7d7f1ad6a98b.jpeg "A woman mourns by the coffins of Jews who died in the Kielce pogrom. [LCID: 63688a]")
A woman mourns by the coffins of Jews who died in the Kielce pogrom. Poland, July 6, 1946.
Item View![Mourners and local residents shovel dirt into the mass grave of the victims of the Kielce pogrom during the public burial. [LCID: 14390]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9ff2f72b-2a06-4b23-919e-7afc5ec9671c.jpg "Mourners and local residents shovel dirt into the mass grave of the victims of the Kielce pogrom during the public burial. [LCID: 14390]")
Mourners and local residents shovel dirt into the mass grave of the victims of the Kielce pogrom during the public burial.
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![Funeral procession for victims of the Kielce pogrom. [LCID: 14387]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/934046ac-1411-406a-903e-3b8f51f9739e.jpg "Funeral procession for victims of the Kielce pogrom. [LCID: 14387]")