![Europe 1943-1944, Chelmno indicated [LCID: che72050]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/0ee57263-c94f-4edd-9909-f2d6db050310.gif)
The Chełmno (Kulmhof) killing center (indicated here) was the first stationary facility where the Nazis used poisonous gas for the mass murder of Jews. The SS and police began killing operations at Chełmno on December 8, 1941. At least 152,000 Jews and 4,300 Roma were killed there between December 1941–April 1943 and June 1944–January 1945.
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