Major deportations to Chełmno, 1941–1944

The Chełmno (Kulmhof) killing center was the first stationary facility where the Nazis used poisonous gas for the mass murder of Jews. The SS and police began killing operations at Chełmno on December 8, 1941. They deported Jews to Chełmno from the Łódź ghetto and other ghettos in the Warthegau, a part of German-occupied Poland. At least 152,000 Jews and 4,300 Roma were killed there between December 1941–April 1943 and June 1944–January 1945.