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<p>A Jewish woman during a deportation from the <a href="/narrative/2014/en">Warsaw</a> ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, between October 1940 and May 1943.</p>

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<p>A family of Macedonian Jews in the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje before deportation. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Jews of <a href="/narrative/5955/en">Bulgarian-occupied</a> Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to <a href="/narrative/3819/en">Treblinka</a>.</span></p>
Photo A family of Macedonian Jews before deportation
<p>A group of Jewish men on a train platform with French policemen at the Austerlitz station before deportation to the Pithiviers internment camp. <a href="/narrative/6033/en">Paris</a>, France, May 1941.</p>
Photo A group of Jewish men at the Austerlitz station before deportation from Paris
<p>A Jewish woman during a deportation from the <a href="/narrative/2014/en">Warsaw</a> ghetto. Warsaw, Poland, between October 1940 and May 1943.</p>
Photo A Jewish woman during a deportation from the Warsaw ghetto
<p>Like other Jews, the Lewents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In 1942, as Abraham hid in a crawl space, the Germans seized his mother and sisters in a raid. They perished. He was deployed for forced labor nearby, but escaped to return to his father in the ghetto. In 1943, the two were deported to Majdanek, where Abraham's father died. Abraham later was sent to Skarzysko, Buchenwald, Schlieben, Bisingen, and Dachau. US troops liberated Abraham as the Germans evacuated prisoners.</p>
Oral History Abraham Lewent describes deportation to and conditions in Majdanek
<p>Like other Jews, the Lewents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In 1942, as Abraham hid in a crawl space, the Germans seized his mother and sisters in a raid. They perished. He was deployed for forced labor nearby, but escaped to return to his father in the ghetto. In 1943, the two were deported to Majdanek, where Abraham's father died. Abraham later was sent to Skarzysko, Buchenwald, Schlieben, Bisingen, and Dachau. US troops liberated Abraham as the Germans evacuated prisoners.</p>
Oral History Abraham Lewent describes hiding during a raid in which his mother and sisters were seized for deportation from Warsaw to Treblinka
<p>Adolf Eichmann, SS official in charge of deporting European Jewry. Germany, 1940.</p>
Photo Adolf Eichmann
<p><a href="/narrative/10832/en">Adolf Eichmann</a>, SS official in charge of deporting European Jewry. Germany, 1943.</p>
Photo Adolf Eichmann
<p>In April 1944, after the German occupation of Hungary, Agi, her mother, six-year-old brother, and aunt were forced into the Munkacs ghetto. Before deportation to Auschwitz, Agi was forced to work in the ghetto's brick factory. At Auschwitz, Agi, then 14 years old, was chosen as part of a Sonderkommando. This forced-labor detachment had to sort the clothing and possessions of inmates and victims at Auschwitz. In January 1945, Agi and other prisoners were forced on a death march from Auschwitz. She was liberated by Soviet forces in April/May 1945.</p>
Oral History Agate (Agi) Rubin describes events following the German occupation of Hungary
<p>Agnes was in Switzerland in 1939 to study French. She returned to Budapest in 1940. After the Germans occupied Hungary in 1944, Agnes was given refuge in the Swedish embassy. She then began to work for Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg in his efforts to save the Jews of Budapest, including the distribution of protective passes (Schutzpaesse). When the Soviets entered Budapest, Agnes decided to go to Romania. After the war, she went to Sweden and Australia before moving to the United States.</p>
Oral History Agnes Mandl Adachi describes Raoul Wallenberg's efforts to save Jews from deportation
<p>Aleksander Belev, Bulgarian commissioner for Jewish Affairs (center, wearing hat and facing the camera), oversees the deportation of Jews. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.</p>
Photo Aleksander Belev, Bulgarian commissioner for Jewish Affairs, oversees a deportation
Map Amsterdam, 1942
Map Anne Frank: Amsterdam and deportation
<p>Aron was born to a middle-class Jewish family in Slonim, a part of Poland between the two world wars. His parents owned a clothing store. After studying in a technical school, Aron worked as a motion-picture projectionist in a small town near Slonim. The Soviet army took over Slonim in September 1939. War broke out between Germany and the Soviet Union in June 1941. Aron returned to Slonim. The Germans soon occupied Slonim, and later forced the Jews into a ghetto. Aron was forced to work in an armaments factory, and was able to smuggle arms into the ghetto. After helping his family escape when the Germans destroyed the ghetto, Aron worked in Grodno until he was arrested. While being deported from Grodno, Aron jumped off the cattle car. He eventually managed to escape from Grodno and join the underground outside Vilna. After the war, he and his wife (whom he had met in the Slonim ghetto) immigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago.</p>
Oral History Aron (Dereczynski) Derman describes deportations from the Grodno ghetto in November 1942
<p>Aron was born to a middle-class Jewish family in Slonim, a part of Poland between the two world wars. His parents owned a clothing store. After studying in a technical school, Aron worked as a motion-picture projectionist in a small town near Slonim. The Soviet army took over Slonim in September 1939. War broke out between Germany and the Soviet Union in June 1941. Aron returned to Slonim. The Germans soon occupied Slonim, and later forced the Jews into a ghetto. Aron was forced to work in an armaments factory, and was able to smuggle arms into the ghetto. After helping his family escape when the Germans destroyed the ghetto, Aron worked in Grodno until he was arrested. While being deported from Grodno, Aron jumped off the cattle car. He eventually managed to escape from Grodno and join the underground outside Vilna. After the war, he and his wife (whom he had met in the Slonim ghetto) immigrated to the United States and settled in Chicago.</p>
Oral History Aron (Dereczynski) Derman describes escape from a train during deportation from Grodno in 1943
<p>A transport of Jews from <a href="/narrative/6229/en">Hungary</a> arrives at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Poland, May 1944.</p>
Photo Arrival at Auschwitz
<p>Jews from <a href="/narrative/10727/en">Subcarpathian Rus</a> get off the deportation train and assemble on the ramp at the <a href="/narrative/3673/en">Auschwitz-Birkenau</a> killing center in occupied Poland. May 1944. </p>
Photo Arrival at Auschwitz