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Heidenheim Displaced Persons Camp

After WWII, many Holocaust survivors, unable to return to their homes, lived in displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Read about Heidenheim DP camp.

Reich Party Day parade

Spectators cheer passing SA formations during a Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day) parade in Nuremberg.

Group portrait at the Heidenheim DP camp

Jewish displaced persons (DPs) and American soldiers at the Heidenheim DP camp, circa 1946–1947. Leon Kliot (Klott) is standing on the far right, third from the top.

Military troops taken oath of loyalty

Troops take the oath of obedience to Adolf Hitler. Germany, January 1939. 

Judge Benjamin Barr Lindsey

American judge Benjamin Barr Lindsey and his wife on a ship. Judge Lindsey's writings were among the texts the Nazis singled out during the 1933 public burnings of books. Photo dated December 4, 1915.

John Reed

Portrait of American journalist John Reed, circa 1914. Reed's book Ten Days that Shook the World was among the texts Nazi students burned in 1933.

Morris Hillquit

Born in Riga, Morris Hillquit became a prominent theoretician of the socialist movement after immigrating to the United States. The German translation of his work Socialism in Theory and Practice was burned in Nazi Germany in 1933. Photo taken circa 1910–1915.

Signing of the German-Soviet Pact

Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov signs the German-Soviet Pact. Joachim von Ribbentrop and Josef Stalin stand behind him, Moscow, Soviet Union, August 23. 1939. 

Pages from scrapbooks documenting the German occupation of Denmark

Selma Engel diary and testimony excerpts

Explore Selma Engel's testimony and diary pages about her experiences during the Holocaust. 

Three metal boxes used to hold content of the Oneg Shabbat archive

Three of the ten metal boxes in which portions of the Oneg Shabbat archive were hidden and buried in the Warsaw ghetto. The boxes are currently in the possession of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. In this view the three boxes are stacked on top of one another. The box on top is displayed on its side without the lid.

ID Card for a Jewish DP camp resident

This identification card was issued to Sima Wajner, a Jewish resident of the Heidenheim displaced persons camp. The card identifies her as a former concentration camp inmate who had been imprisoned in the Stuffhof camp during the Holocaust. Card dated January 23, 1947.

Poster for Nazi Party speech on Jewish Bolshevik threat

Poster for a meeting and speech about the Jewish Bolshevik threat against Germany sponsored by the local Nazi Party of East Hannover. Depicted is a silhouetted caricature of a Jewish man’s head in left profile, with a large, red Star of David beside him. The announcement at the top of the poster reads: "Victory over Bolshevism and plutocracy means being freed from the Jewish parasite!" Created ca. 1937–1940.   

Card from SS Quanza Passengers to the White House

Refugee passengers of the SS Quanza sent a large bouquet of red roses and this message to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt to thank her for her help. The First Lady made sure President Roosevelt saw both the flowers and the card, which were displayed prominently outside his bedroom.

Spectators cheer as Hitler leaves for the Reichstag

Cheering spectators greet Hitler upon his departure for the Reichstag session at which the Enabling Act was passed. The act allowed the government to issue laws without the consent of Germany’s parliament, laying the foundation for the complete Nazification of German society.

Prewar portrait of Dorrith Oppenheim

Dorrith was born in Kassel, Germany, in December 1938. Her parents were Hans and Trudi Oppenheim. Following increased anti-Jewish measures, Dorrith was among the children sent on Kindertransports to find refuge in the United Kingdom. She left Germany on July 24, 1939. She never saw her parents again. They were deported to Auschwitz, where they perished in October 1944.

Portrait of Helen Keller

Portrait of Helen Keller, seated, reading Braille. September 1907.  In 1933, Nazi students at more than 30 German universities pillaged libraries in search of books they considered to be "un-German." Among the literary and political writings they threw into the flames during the book burning were the works of Helen Keller.

Bayer

As part of the IG Farben conglomerate, which strongly supported the Third Reich, the Bayer company was complicit in the crimes of Nazi Germany. Learn more.

Jan Karski

An underground courier for the Polish government-in-exile, Jan Karski was one of the first to deliver eyewitness accounts of the Holocaust to Allied leaders.

Antisemitic illustration

Antisemitic propaganda of an agricultural worker kicking a stereotypically depicted Jewish man through a fence. It reads "German export: Out of our German country with the slimy Jewish band."

Cartoon depicting enemies of the Nazis

Cartoon depicting Jews, communists, and other enemies of the Nazis hanging on a gallows, 1935

Antisemitic cartoon

Antisemitic cartoon showing a Jew leading a Soviet official by a leash. It reads "The 'ideal' person for the chosen people: There’s no accounting for taste."

Kovno: Maps

Germany occupied Kovno, Lithuania on June 24, 1941. Within six months, German Einsatzgruppe detachments and Lithuanian collaborations had murdered half of all the Jews in Kovno. Between July and August 15, 1941, German authorities concentrated some 29,000 of Kovno's Jews into a ghetto.

Hitler Youth poster

Poster urging young Germans to join the Hitler Youth Landdienst [agricultural service]. It reads "Volunteers to the front! Youth to the land service of the Hitler Youth." 

Election poster

Election poster reading "The People Vote Listing One: Nationalsocialism," 1932-1933

Antisemitic poster

Antisemitic propaganda flyer comparing Jews to diseases. It reads "Tuberculosis Syphilis Cancer are curable ... It is necessary to finish the biggest curse: The Jew!"

German propaganda leaflet for African American soldiers

German propaganda leaflet targeting African American servicemen, November 1944. The leaflets falsely suggested that African Americans would receive better treatment by the German military and encouraged them to surrender to German troops.

Scene from a Nazi propaganda film in Theresienstadt

In a scene from a Nazi propaganda film, Dr. Paul Eppstein (right), Council of Elders chairman, addresses Dutch Jews. Theresienstadt ghetto, Czechoslovakia, August 1944.

"Degenerate Art" Exhibition

Visitors view the "Degenerate Art" exhibition (Entartete Kunst) at the Munich Hofgarten in July 1937. Works by Lovis Corinth and Franz Marc are visible, among others.

Propaganda slide

Propaganda slide which contrasts a person of mixed race (left) with a healthy "Aryan" youth (right).

Polish children wander through the ruins of Warsaw

Polish children wander through the ruins of Warsaw after a German bombing. Photographed by Julien Bryan in Warsaw, Poland, ca. 1939.

Hitler reviews passing Nazi Party members, 1923

Adolf Hitler, Julius Streicher, and other dignitaries review passing Nazi Party members at the Deutscher Tag (German Day) celebration in Nuremberg, September 02, 1923.

Hitler Youth members at a Nazi rally

Hitler Youth members listen to a speech by Adolf Hitler at a Nazi "party day" rally. Nuremberg, Germany, September 11, 1935.

German troops approach Bydgoszcz

A German motorcycle unit advances through the Bydgoszcz region during the invasion of Poland. September 18, 1939.

Ohlendorf defends himself in court

Defendant Otto Ohlendorf testifies on his own behalf at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, case #9 of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. October 9, 1947.

German troops march into Paris

German troops march into Paris. France, June 1940.

View of the Gusen camp

View of the Gusen camp, which became a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Gusen, Austria, May 1945.

German Jews hoping to emigrate to Palestine

German Jews trying to emigrate to Palestine form long lines in front of the Palestine and Orient Travel Agency. Berlin, Germany, January 22, 1939.

German ships in Norway

German ships at a Norwegian port. Norway, May 3, 1940.

Newspaper from a displaced persons camp

Front page of a newspaper from Landsberg displaced persons camp. Germany, November 15, 1945.

Jewish displaced persons work on a newspaper

Jewish refugees work on a newspaper at Zeilsheim displaced persons camp. Germany, between 1945 and 1948. The newspaper was titled Unterwegs (The Transient). 

Bodies of Jasenovac prisoners

Victims of Ustasa (Croatian fascist) atrocities: the bodies of Jasenovac prisoners floating in the Sava River.  Between August 1941 and April 1945. 

Looking out from the St. Louis

German Jewish refugees look through portholes of the St. Louis, in Havana harbor. Cuba refused to let the passengers disembark. Cuba, May or June, 1939.

Hitler reviews troops

Adolf Hitler reviews SA troops celebrating the third anniversary of his assumption of power. Berlin, Germany, February 20, 1936.

German troops in Athens

German troops drive in front of a government building during the occupation of Athens following the invasion of the Balkans. Athens, Greece, April 1941.

Camp commandant addresses SS guards

Camp commandant Amon Goeth delivers a speech to SS guards in the Płaszów camp. Płaszów, Poland, 1943-1944.

Helen Keller

Portrait of Helen Keller, ca. 1910. In 1933, Nazi students at more than 30 German universities pillaged libraries in search of books they considered to be "un-German." Among the literary and political writings they threw into the flames were the works of Helen Keller.

Hitler tours the Sudetenland

Hitler during a triumphal tour of the Sudetenland following the Munich agreement of September 1938. The agreement ceded the largely German-speaking Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. Eger, Czechoslovakia, October 3, 1938.

Crematorium oven

Crematorium oven used in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Photograph taken after the liberation of teh camp. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, April 28, 1945.

Jewish refugees arrive in Shanghai

Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria arrive at the port of Shanghai. China, 1938–1939.