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Media Essay

Collaboration - Photograph

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collaboration Estonia Arrow Cross Croatia Romania Lithuania Bulgaria

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Members of the Hlinka Guard march in Slovakia, a Nazi satellite state. [LCID: 80644] — Members of the Hlinka Guard and a squad of ethnic Germans march during a parade in Slovakia, a Nazi satellite state. Date uncertain.
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Victims of German SS and Hungarian Arrow Cross terror in the ghetto, found in the courtyard of the Pestor synagogue on Dohany Street. [LCID: 66006] — Victims of German SS and Hungarian Arrow Cross terror in the Budapest ghetto. The bodies were found in the courtyard of the Pestor synagogue on Dohany Street. Budapest, Hungary, January 1945.
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Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia interned in the "Monopol" tobacco factory, which was used as a transit camp. [LCID: 79724] — Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia interned in the "Monopol" tobacco factory, which was used as a transit camp. They were ultimately deported to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Macedonia, March 1943.
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Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia and Thrace interned in the "Monopol" tobacco factory, which was was used as a transit camp. [LCID: 79729] — Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia and Thrace interned in the "Monopol" tobacco factory, which was was used as a transit camp. They were ultimately deported to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Macedonia, March 11-31, 1943.
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A few guards surround a group of people standing along a natural wall in a forest. There is snow on the ground and several unidentifiable objects alongside the victims. — Lithuanian collaborators guard Jews before their execution. Ponary, Lithuania, June–July, 1941.
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Corpses of inmates discovered by Soviet troops at the Klooga forced-labor camp. [LCID: 74377] — Corpses of inmates discovered by Soviet troops at the Klooga forced-labor camp. Nazi guards and Estonian collaborators had executed the prisoners and then stacked the bodies for burning. Estonia, September 1944.
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A field with a small hill sparsely covered in vegetation. A few small trees can be seen dotting the background. — Site where members of Einsatzgruppe A and Estonian collaborators carried out a mass execution of Jews in September 1941. Kalevi-Liiva, Estonia, after September 1944.
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Pierre Laval, head of the government of Vichy France and Nazi collaborator. [LCID: 62060] — Pierre Laval, head of the government of Vichy France and Nazi collaborator. Shown here delivering a radio address. France, 1941–42.
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Several clothed corpses lay on the group of an elevated river bank. A uniformed soldier stands at the bottom of the bank with a rifle slung over his shoulder. — This photograph shows the aftermath of a shooting along the banks of the Danube River in Budapest. Members of the pro-German Arrow Cross party massacred thousands of Jews along the banks of the Danube. Budapest, Hungary, 1944.
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Horia Sima, leader of the Iron Guard and deputy prime minister of the Romanian government in 1940. [LCID: 18297] — Horia Sima, leader of the Iron Guard and deputy prime minister of the Romanian government in 1940. Bucharest, Romania, 1940.

In this image, Horia Sima salutes his supporters during a ceremony commemorating the deaths of Ion Mota and Vasile Marin, Iron Guardsmen who were killed in the Spanish Civil War.
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Sephardic synagogue destroyed during the January 21-23 Iron Guard pogrom. [LCID: 73483] — Sephardic synagogue destroyed during the January 21-23 Iron Guard pogrom. Bucharest, Romania, January 1941.
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Police force Romanian Jews, survivors of a pogrom in Iasi, to board a train during their expulsion from Iasi to Calarasi. [LCID: 67288] — Police force Romanian Jews, survivors of a pogrom in Iasi, to board a train during their expulsion from Iasi to Calarasi. Iasi, Romania, late June 1941.
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Romanian soldiers supervise the deportation of Jews from Kishinev. [LCID: 01097] — Romanian soldiers supervise the deportation of Jews from Kishinev. Kishinev, Bessarabia, Romania, October 28, 1941.
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Ustasa (Croatian fascist) soldiers lead people to their execution in Herzegovina, in the pro-German fascist state of Croatia established ... [LCID: 88411] — Ustaša (Croatian fascist) soldiers oversee the deportation of a group of civilians from Kozara region to a concentration camp, in the pro-German fascist state of Croatia established following the partition of Yugoslavia. Croatia, between 1941 and 1944.
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Ustasa (Croatian fascist) camp guards order a Jewish man to remove his ring before being shot. [LCID: 68290a] — Ustasa (Croatian fascist) camp guards order a Jewish man to remove his ring before being shot. Jasenovac concentration camp, Yugoslavia, between 1941 and 1945.
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A dozen small children sit and sleep on the floor with a few blankets and thin pallets. A wooden fence and brick walls keep the children separate from the rest of the room. — Children sit and sleep on the floor at Sisak, a Ustasa (Croatian fascist) concentration camp for children. Yugoslavia, during World War II.
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Victims of Ustasa (Croatian fascist) atrocities on the banks of the Sava River. [LCID: 85196] — Victims of Ustasa (Croatian fascist) atrocities: the bodies of Jasenovac prisoners floating in the Sava River. Between August 1941 and April 1945.
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Vidkun Quisling, leader of the collaborationist Norwegian government, returns a salute during a ceremony in Oslo. [LCID: tl207] — Vidkun Quisling, leader of the collaborationist Norwegian government, returns a salute during a ceremony in Oslo. Norway, after April 1940.
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