Eva was born to Jewish parents and grew up in a city on the border between Romania and Hungary. On March 19, 1944, the Germans occupied Hungary and Eva was soon forced into a ghetto. She was later deported to Auschwitz, where she was killed at the age of 13.
These maps add geographic context to Eva's experience.
![Romania, 1933 [LCID: rom19010]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a6a3f91d-c2c6-4f48-8b51-1802dc9d8030.gif "Romania, 1933 [LCID: rom19010]")
![Romania 1933, Oradea indicated [LCID: ord79020]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/0be183a8-ad77-4b01-bbd1-54f651cd1fa0.gif "Romania 1933, Oradea indicated [LCID: ord79020]")
![Hungarian expansion [LCID: hun71060]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/0778b129-6719-4bad-b8d2-382e0da3bd75.gif "Hungarian expansion [LCID: hun71060]")
![Ghettos in occupied Hungary, 1944 [LCID: hun74020]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/af7f58ba-8313-4127-90b3-bd3f1f9aa7ec.gif "Ghettos in occupied Hungary, 1944 [LCID: hun74020]")
![Deportations from Hungarian ghettos to Auschwitz [LCID: hun78120]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/958f0ea1-9e02-4f13-a598-2f8137398d8a.gif "Deportations from Hungarian ghettos to Auschwitz [LCID: hun78120]")
![Europe 1943-1944, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc62040]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/e904823f-a280-4f5b-8914-03e1df871164.gif "Europe 1943-1944, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc62040]")
The Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center (indicated here) played a key role in the “Final Solution,” the Nazi plan to kill the Jews of Europe. The Nazis murdered approximately one million Jews at Auschwitz, most in the gas chambers of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
Item View![Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/341a5fd2-ed4d-4067-b988-f7b0fe940fdb.gif "Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]")
This map shows the Auschwitz camp complex in the summer of 1944.
The SS established Auschwitz in spring 1940 as a concentration camp for Polish political prisoners. It was located in German-occupied Poland on the outskirts of the town of Oświęcim. Over the next several years, the camp was expanded and transformed into a sprawling camp complex. In March 1942, the SS began operating a killing center at Auschwitz where they murdered Jewish people from all over Europe.
By 1944, the Auschwitz camp complex included multiple camps that served different purposes. The largest of the Auschwitz camps included the Auschwitz main camp (Auschwitz I); Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II), which included the killing center; and Auschwitz-Monowitz (Auschwitz III). There were also numerous smaller subcamps.
At Auschwitz, the Germans killed about 1.1 million people, including approximately 1,000,000 Jews; 70,000 Poles; 21,000 Roma and Sinti; and 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
Item View
We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies, Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation, the Claims Conference, EVZ, and BMF for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. View the list of donor acknowledgement.
