Siegfried Wohlfarth was raised in a Jewish family in Frankfurt, Germany. Siegfried and his wife moved to Amsterdam after the Nazi rise to power in 1933, but Germany occupied the Netherlands seven years later. Siegfried was deported to Auschwitz in 1944, and then sent to the Stutthof camp, where he died. These maps add geographic context to Siegfried's experience.
![Low Countries, 1933 [LCID: ben19010]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/71c17452-fad9-4730-90ad-34b692354e3f.gif "Low Countries, 1933 [LCID: ben19010]")
![Europe 1943-1944, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc62040]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/e904823f-a280-4f5b-8914-03e1df871164.gif "Europe 1943-1944, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc62040]")
![Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/341a5fd2-ed4d-4067-b988-f7b0fe940fdb.gif "Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]")
Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans. It was a complex of camps, including a concentration, extermination, and forced-labor camp. It was located at the town of Oswiecim near the prewar German-Polish border in Eastern Upper Silesia, an area annexed to Germany in 1939. Auschwitz I was the main camp and the first camp established at Oswiecim. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) was the killing center at Auschwitz. Trains arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau almost daily with transports of Jews from virtually every German-occupied country of Europe. Auschwitz III, also called Buna or Monowitz, was established in Monowice to provide forced laborers for nearby factories, including the I.G. Farben works. At least 1.1 million Jews were killed in Auschwitz. Other victims included between 70,000 and 75,000 Poles, 21,000 Roma, and about 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
Item View![Major camps in Greater Germany, Stutthof indicated [LCID: stu72020]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/7aee44a7-8747-4d52-8cf3-c67bd1b86591.gif "Major camps in Greater Germany, Stutthof indicated [LCID: stu72020]")
![Stutthof environs, 1944 [LCID: stu42060]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/8b5c5cad-69a9-4938-87f9-4a6d4cce88f1.gif "Stutthof environs, 1944 [LCID: stu42060]")
![Stutthof concentration camp, fall 1944 [LCID: stu22031]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/2fcbec13-e2a1-442f-8296-dc9809fa960a.gif "Stutthof concentration camp, fall 1944 [LCID: stu22031]")
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