A family of four with light skin tones stands by a table with plates and a cake. A man lights birthday candles as a woman and young boy look on. A young girl looks at the camera.
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Gavra Mandil celebrates his fourth birthday

Gabriela, Gavra, Mosa, and Irena Mandil celebrate Gavra’s fourth birthday in Novi Sad on September 6, 1940. 

Mosa was a professional photographer with a successful studio when World War II began in 1939. He and his wife Gabriela had two young children at the time—their son Gavra was born in 1936, and their daughter Irena was born in 1938. Mosa often used photographs of the two children to advertise the family’s business. This image provides a glimpse into the life of the Mandil family before the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941.


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  • US Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Gavra Mandil
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