During World War II, African American and white soldiers who were bonded on the battlefield were divided at home. The US 12th Armored Division was one of only ten US divisions during World War II that had integrated combat companies.
Despite the overarching segregation in the military at the time, more than one million African Americans fought for the US Armed Forces on the homefront, in Europe, and in the Pacific.
After battling for freedom and defending democracy worldwide, African American soldiers returned home after the war only to find themselves faced with the existing prejudice and “Jim Crow” laws, which imposed “separate, but equal” segregation.
During World War II, African American and white soldiers who were bonded on the battlefield were divided at home. The US 12th Armored Division was one of only ten US divisions during World War II that had integrated combat companies.
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German propaganda leaflet targeting African American servicemen, November 1944. The leaflets falsely suggested that African Americans would receive better treatment by the German military and encouraged them to surrender to German troops.
Item View![African Americans were among the liberators of the Buchenwald concentration camp. [LCID: 86235]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/238e8e4d-a413-4442-8882-827ac4fa8b61.jpg "African Americans were among the liberators of the Buchenwald concentration camp. [LCID: 86235]")
African Americans were among the liberators of the Buchenwald concentration camp. William Scott, seen here during training, was a military photographer and helped document Nazi crimes in the camp. Alabama, United States, March 1943.
Item View![African American soldier Warren Capers was recommended for a Silver Star for his actions during the Allied invasion of France. [LCID: 91464]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/2d415f3f-be16-42ac-b6da-a3e554cd0764.jpg "African American soldier Warren Capers was recommended for a Silver Star for his actions during the Allied invasion of France. [LCID: 91464]")
African American soldier Warren Capers was recommended for a Silver Star for his actions during the Allied invasion of France. He and his medical detachment aided more than 330 soldiers. France, August 18, 1944.
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Portrait of Sergeant Leon Bass during World War II. As an 18-year-old, he volunteered to join the US Army in 1943. Leon and other members of the all African-American 183rd unit witnessed Buchenwald several days after liberation. After the war, he became a teacher and was active in the civil rights movement.
Item View![American troops, including African American soldiers from the Headquarters and Service Company of the 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion, ... [LCID: 83761]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a90e5ecc-febb-446b-849f-c17547492d45.jpg "American troops, including African American soldiers from the Headquarters and Service Company of the 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion, ... [LCID: 83761]")
American troops, including African American soldiers from the Headquarters and Service Company of the 183rd Engineer Combat Battalion, 8th Corps, US 3rd Army, view corpses stacked behind the crematorium during an inspection tour of the Buchenwald concentration camp. Among those pictured is Leon Bass (the soldier third from left). Buchenwald, Germany, April 17, 1945.
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