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Myron Taylor, US delegate to the Evian Conference, pleads for the establishment of an intergovernmental committee to facilitate Jewish emigration. Evian-les-Bains, France, July 15, 1938.
Barracks for prisoners at the Flossenbürg concentration camp, seen here after liberation of the camp by US forces. Flossenbürg, Germany, May 5, 1945.
Execution site in the Flossenbürg concentration camp, seen here after liberation of the camp by US armed forces. Flossenbürg, Germany, after May 1945.
After the liberation of the Flossenbürg camp, a US Army officer (right) examines a crematorium oven in which Flossenbürg camp victims were cremated. Flossenbürg, Germany, April 30, 1945.
A counterfeit British bank note produced by Jewish forced laborers employed in Operation Bernhard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Under an order issued by SS chief Heinrich Himmler in 1942, Operation Bernhard initially aimed to produce large quantities of counterfeit British bank notes. The goal was to flood the British currency market and trigger a financial crisis.
View of damage done to a Jewish-owned store during the anti-Jewish boycott. Frankfurt, Germany, April 1, 1933.
The Nazis spent large sums in preparation for the Olympic games. Here, German officials show the extent of the Olympic village using a scale model. Berlin, Germany, July 1936.
Adolf Hitler passes through the Brandenburg Gate on the way to the opening ceremonies of the Olympic Games. Berlin, Germany, August 1, 1936.
In the Olympic Stadium, German spectators salute Adolf Hitler during the Games of the 11th Olympiad. Berlin, Germany, August 1936.
Rows of SA standard bearers line the field behind the speaker's podium at the 1935 Nazi Party Congress. Adolf Hitler addresses the crowds from the podium. Nuremberg, Germany, September 1935.
Passport issued to Lore Oppenheimer, a German Jew, with "J" for "Jude" stamped on the card. "Sara" was added to the names of all German Jewish women. Hildesheim, Germany, July 3, 1939.
American Zionist leader Rabbi Stephen S. Wise (right) with Bernard Deutsch, president of the American Jewish Congress, before making a protest to President Franklin D. Roosevelt against religious persecution in Germany. New York, United States, March 22, 1933.
Polish Jewish orphans, under the temporary care of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), en route to France and Belgium. Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1946.
Adolf Hitler poses with his cabinet shortly after assuming power as chancellor of Germany. Hitler is flanked by Joseph Goebbels (left) and Hermann Göring (right). Berlin, Germany, 1933.
Prisoners arrested during the crackdown on leftists and other targeted groups exercise in the courtyard of the Alexanderplatz prison. Munich, Germany, April 10, 1933.
Germans listen to an antisemitic speech by Hitler. Josef Goebbels, minister of propaganda, encouraged every family to acquire a radio. Germany, January 30, 1937.
Members of a German military unit swear allegiance to Adolf Hitler. Germany, date uncertain.
A Hitler Youth ceremony, typical of those conceived by Baldur von Schirach. They aimed to strengthen dedication to Hitler. Members recited verses, sang patriotic songs, and performed "mock funerals" for "fallen comrades." Germany, date uncertain.
Adolf Hitler reviews his troops at Prague castle on the day of the occupation. Prague, Czechoslovakia, March 15, 1939.
The "You Are My Witnesses" wall in the Hall of Witness at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC, January 2003.
Amon Goeth, commandant of the Płaszów camp. Płaszów, Poland, between February 1943 and September 1944.
Construction of Oskar Schindler's armaments factory in Bruennlitz. Czechoslovakia, October 1944.
Group portrait of students and teachers at the Hebrew gymnasium in Munkacs. 1936-1937.
At Berlin's Opernplatz (Opera Square), an SA man throws books into the flames at the public burning of books deemed "un-German." This image is a still from a motion picture. Berlin, Germany, May 10, 1933.
Joseph Goebbels, German propaganda minister, speaks on the night of book burning. Berlin, Germany, May 10, 1933.
Mr. Mandil and his son Gavra, Yugoslav Jews, while in hiding. The Mandil family escaped to Albania in 1942. After the German occupation in 1943, Mandil's Albanian apprentice hid the family, all of whom survived. Albania, between 1942 and 1945.
An interior view of the Sephardic synagogue on Luetzowstrasse. Berlin, Germany, before November 1938.
Bertolt Brecht, author of the "Threepenny Opera" and a well-known leftist poet and dramatist, who emigrated from Germany in 1933. In exile, he co-edited an anti-Nazi magazine titled Das Wort. London, Great Britain, 1936.
Bertolt Brecht (left), Marxist poet and dramatist, was a staunch opponent of the Nazis. He fled Germany shortly after Hitler's rise to power. Pictured here with his son, Stefan. Germany, 1931.
A group of Jewish girls hiding, under assumed identities, in a convent. Ruiselede, Belgium, 1943-44.
A private Jewish home vandalized during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom). Vienna, Austria, November 10, 1938.
A private Jewish home vandalized during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom). Vienna, Austria, November 10, 1938.
Nazi propaganda poster warning Germans about the dangers of east European "subhumans." Germany, date uncertain.
Battalions of Nazi street fighters salute Adolf Hitler during an SA parade through Dortmund. Germany, 1933.
Arrival of political prisoners at the Oranienburg concentration camp. Oranienburg, Germany, 1933.
Social Democratic political prisoners in the Duerrgoy concentration camp near Breslau. Seated in the center is Paul Loebe, a leading Socialist and former president of the German parliament. Duerrgoy camp, Germany, August 4, 1933.
Many of the early concentration camps were improvised. Here, roll call is held for political prisoners aboard a ship used as a floating concentration camp. Ochstumsand camp, near Bremen, Germany, 1933 or 1934.
Women were included in preparations for national defense even before the war. Here, some German women form a unit of the civilian Air Defense League. Germany, November 15, 1936.
Swedish protective pass issued to Joseph Katona, the Chief Rabbi of Budapest. Budapest, Hungary, September 15, 1944.
A group of Hungarian Jews rescued from deportation by Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. Budapest, Hungary, November 1944.
Memorial sculpture in honor of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who helped rescue Jews from the Nazis. Budapest, Hungary, 1990.
Vegetable gardens administered by the American Friends Service Committee as part of a Quaker relief effort for prisoners at the Gurs camp. Gurs, France, ca. 1943.
Jewish partisans, survivors of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, at a family camp in Wyszkow forest. Poland, 1944.
Simone Schloss, a Jewish member of the French resistance, under guard after a German military tribunal in Paris sentenced her to death. She was executed on July 2, 1942. Paris, France, April 14, 1942.
The crematoria at Dachau concentration camp, soon after the liberation of the camp. Germany, after April 29, 1945.
American soldiers finish their inspection of the Dachau camp's first crematorium. Dachau, Germany, November 18, 1945.
This multistory complex served as the Drancy transit camp. The overwhelming majority of Jews deported from France were held here prior to their deportation. Drancy, France, 1941–44.
A view of the Westerbork camp, the Netherlands, between 1940 and 1945. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland.
The interior of a barracks at the Westerbork transit camp, after liberation. Westerbork, the Netherlands, after April 12, 1945.
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