<p>An American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) clothing supply center for refugees. Vilna, Lithuania, 1940.</p>
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San Francisco Chronicle newspaper article titled "The Refugee Tragedy." The article was based on an interview with Moses Beckelman of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, an aid organization. It discussed the overcrowding of Polish and Lithuanian refugees stranded in Shanghai, Kobe (Japan), and Lisbon (Portugal), all stops en route to North and South America. The primary cause of this bottleneck was a lack of transit and entry visas, a result of most countries closing their borders to immigrants. May 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]
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Newspaper article "The Refugee Tragedy"
Simone Weil kept this blank identification card bearing her picture in case her cover as "Simone Werlin" were blown and she needed to establish a new false identity. Both resistance workers and sympathetic government employees provided her the necessary stamps and signatures. Such forged documents assisted Weil in her work rescuing Jewish children as a member of the relief and rescue organization Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (Children's Aid Society; OSE).
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Documentation for a false identity: Simone Weil
Memorial Pageant calls for the rescue of European Jewry
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Memorial Pageant calls for the rescue of European Jewry
Quaker delegates of the American Friends Service Committee who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse. France, January 1941.
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Quakers who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse
US Quakers aid children in defeated France
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US Quakers aid children in defeated France
A woman (right) imprisoned in the Gurs camp stands with two Quaker delegates who worked for the American Friends Service Committee. Gurs, France, after January 1941.
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Quaker delegates stand with a women imprisoned in the Gurs camp
An American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) clothing supply center for refugees. Vilna, Lithuania, 1940.
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American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and Refugee Aid
Women and children gather at the door of a soup kitchen maintained by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. The text in Yiddish reads "The fortunate ones with full bowls." Zelechow, Poland, 1940.
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Soup kitchen run by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
William Bein, director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) in Poland, with children at the Srodborow home for Jewish children, near Warsaw. The home was financed by the JDC. Srodborow, Poland, 1946.
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William Bein
US Army and Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) representatives distribute milk to refugees. Vienna, Austria, October 26, 1945.
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Providing aid to refugees
Boxes of matzah in a Joint Distribution Committee warehouse before distribution to Jewish survivors in displaced persons camps. Place uncertain, postwar.
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Supplies for displaced persons camps
The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee pharmacy in the displaced persons camp at Bergen-Belsen. Germany, August 14, 1947.
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Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp
A Jewish refugee couple poses on the gangway of the MS St. Louis as they disembark from the ship in Antwerp. Belgium, June 17, 1939.  
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Return to Europe of the St. Louis
Jewish displaced persons receive food aid from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), at the Bindermichl displaced persons camp in the US zone. Linz, Austria, date uncertain.
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Jewish displaced persons receive food
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Jewish Aid and Rescue
Setty and Moritz Sondheimer and their two children fled Nazi Germany for Kovno, Lithuania, in 1934. There, Moritz opened a small factory manufacturing buttons and combs. This image shows page 2, containing an identification photograph, of a passport issued to Setty Sondheimer by the German Consulate in Kovno on January 29, 1938. With aid from Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara in obtaining Japanese transit visas, Setty and her family emigrated from Kovno in February 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]
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Page 2 of passport issued to Setty Sondheimer

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