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<p>An American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) clothing supply center for refugees. Vilna, Lithuania, 1940.</p>

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<p>San Francisco Chronicle newspaper article titled "The Refugee Tragedy." The article was based on an interview with Moses Beckelman of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, an aid organization. It discussed the overcrowding of Polish and Lithuanian refugees stranded in Shanghai, Kobe (Japan), and Lisbon (Portugal), all stops en route to North and South America. The primary cause of this bottleneck was a lack of transit and entry visas, a result of most countries closing their borders to immigrants. May 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]</p>
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Newspaper article "The Refugee Tragedy"
<p>Simone Weil kept this blank identification card bearing her picture in case her cover as "Simone Werlin" were blown and she needed to establish a new false identity. Both resistance workers and sympathetic government employees provided her the necessary stamps and signatures. Such forged documents assisted Weil in her work rescuing Jewish children as a member of the relief and rescue organization Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (Children's Aid Society; OSE).</p>
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Documentation for a false identity: Simone Weil
Memorial Pageant calls for the rescue of European Jewry
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Memorial Pageant calls for the rescue of European Jewry
<p><a href="/narrative/4339">Quaker</a> delegates of the American Friends Service Committee who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse. France, January 1941.</p>
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Quakers who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse
US Quakers aid children in defeated France
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US Quakers aid children in defeated France
<p>A woman (right) imprisoned in the <a href="/narrative/4842">Gurs</a> camp stands with two Quaker delegates who worked for the <a href="/narrative/4339">American Friends Service Committee</a>. Gurs, France, after January 1941.</p>
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Quaker delegates stand with a women imprisoned in the Gurs camp
<p>Women and children gather at the door of a soup kitchen maintained by the <a href="/narrative/5002">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a>. The text in Yiddish reads "The fortunate ones with full bowls." Zelechow, Poland, 1940.</p>
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Soup kitchen run by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
<p>William Bein, director of the American Jewish <a href="/narrative/5002">Joint Distribution Committee</a> (JDC) in Poland, with children at the Srodborow home for Jewish children, near Warsaw. The home was financed by the JDC. Srodborow, Poland, 1946.</p>
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William Bein
<p>US Army and <a href="/narrative/5002">Joint Distribution Committee</a> (JDC) representatives distribute milk to refugees. Vienna, Austria, October 26, 1945.</p>
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Providing aid to refugees
<p>Boxes of matzah in a <a href="/narrative/5002">Joint Distribution Committee</a> warehouse before distribution to Jewish survivors in <a href="/narrative/6365">displaced persons camps</a>. Place uncertain, postwar.</p>
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Supplies for displaced persons camps
<p>The <a href="/narrative/5002">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a> pharmacy in the displaced persons camp at <a href="/narrative/9359">Bergen-Belsen</a>. Germany, August 14, 1947.</p>
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Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp
<p>Jewish displaced persons receive food aid from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), at the Bindermichl displaced persons camp in the US zone. Linz, Austria, date uncertain.</p>
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Jewish displaced persons receive food
<p>Page 2, containing an identification photograph, of a passport issued to Setty Sondheimer by the German Consulate in Kovno on January 29, 1938. With aid from Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara in obtaining Japanese transit visas, Setty and her family emigrated from Kovno in February 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]</p>
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Page 2 of passport issued to Setty Sondheimer
<p>A Jewish refugee family prepares food with rations provided by the <a href="/narrative/7232">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a> (UNRRA). Shanghai, China, 1946.</p>
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A Jewish refugee family prepares food
<p>Yitzhak Gitterman (left), Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) director in Warsaw, meets with the representative of an Orthodox Jewish organization. Warsaw, Poland, date uncertain.</p>
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Yitzhak Gitterman (left)
<p><a href="/narrative/10477">Waitstill and Martha Sharp</a> supervise the arrival of 14 tons of milk products to distribute to children in the region. Pau, France, August 1940.</p>
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Waitstill and Martha Sharp supervise the arrival of milk products

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