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<p>An American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) clothing supply center for refugees. Vilna, Lithuania, 1940.</p>

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<p>An American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) clothing supply center for refugees. Vilna, Lithuania, 1940.</p>
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A JDC clothing supply center for refugees
<p>A Jewish refugee family prepares food with rations provided by the <a href="/narrative/7232/en">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a> (UNRRA). Shanghai, China, 1946.</p>
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A Jewish refugee family prepares food
<p>The <a href="/narrative/5002/en">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee</a> pharmacy in the displaced persons camp at <a href="/narrative/9359/en">Bergen-Belsen</a>. Germany, August 14, 1947.</p>
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Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp
<p>Jewish refugee boys at the Maison des Pupilles de la Nation children's home in Aspet. These children reached the home through the efforts of the Children's Aid Society (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants; OSE) and the <a href="/narrative/4339/en">American Friends Service Committee</a>. Aspet, France, ca. 1942.</p>
Article
Children's Aid Society (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants)
<p>Simone Weil kept this blank identification card bearing her picture in case her cover as "Simone Werlin" were blown and she needed to establish a new false identity. Both resistance workers and sympathetic government employees provided her the necessary stamps and signatures. Such forged documents assisted Weil in her work rescuing Jewish children as a member of the relief and rescue organization Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (Children's Aid Society; OSE).</p>
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Documentation for a false identity: Simone Weil
<p>Jewish displaced persons receive food aid from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), at the Bindermichl displaced persons camp in the US zone. Linz, Austria, date uncertain.</p>
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Jewish displaced persons receive food
<p>After word reached America of the Nazi killing of European Jewry, pressure mounted on the Roosevelt administration to help European Jews. To spur action, playwright Ben Hecht prepared a memorial to the Jewish victims of Nazi persecution, "We Will Never Die." The pageant, sponsored by the Zionist Revisionist Bergson Group, was part of a mass demonstration at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Later seen in other US cities, the show was part of the Bergson Group's effort to pressure Washington to act decisively to rescue Europe's remaining Jews.</p>
Film
Memorial Pageant calls for the rescue of European Jewry
<p>San Francisco Chronicle newspaper article titled "The Refugee Tragedy." The article was based on an interview with Moses Beckelman of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, an aid organization. It discussed the overcrowding of Polish and Lithuanian refugees stranded in Shanghai, Kobe (Japan), and Lisbon (Portugal), all stops en route to North and South America. The primary cause of this bottleneck was a lack of transit and entry visas, a result of most countries closing their borders to immigrants. May 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]</p>
Document
Newspaper article "The Refugee Tragedy"
<p>Page 2, containing an identification photograph, of a passport issued to Setty Sondheimer by the German Consulate in Kovno on January 29, 1938. With aid from Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara in obtaining Japanese transit visas, Setty and her family emigrated from Kovno in February 1941. [From the USHMM special exhibition Flight and Rescue.]</p>
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Page 2 of passport issued to Setty Sondheimer
<p>Postwar portrait of Piotr Kolenda. He was a landowner from Nowogrodek who knew both the Dzienciolski and Bielski families before the war. During the war he helped hide the women before they could safely go to the forest and continued to assist members of the <a href="/narrative/11060/en">Bielski group</a> while they were in the forest.</p>
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Postwar portrait of Piotr Kolenda
<p>US Army and <a href="/narrative/5002/en">Joint Distribution Committee</a> (JDC) representatives distribute milk to refugees. Vienna, Austria, October 26, 1945.</p>
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Providing aid to refugees
<p>A woman (right) imprisoned in the <a href="/narrative/4842/en">Gurs</a> camp stands with two Quaker delegates who worked for the <a href="/narrative/4339/en">American Friends Service Committee</a>. Gurs, France, after January 1941.</p>
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Quaker delegates stand with a women imprisoned in the Gurs camp
<p><a href="/narrative/4339/en">Quaker</a> delegates of the American Friends Service Committee who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse. France, January 1941.</p>
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Quakers who set up a relief and rescue operation in Toulouse
Media Gallery
Refugees
Simone Weil Lipman
Oral History
Simone Weil Lipman describes helping children as an OSE worker in Rivesaltes
Simone Weil Lipman
Oral History
Simone Weil Lipman describes helping the Children's Aid Society (OSE) move children to safety in southern France

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