albums

<p>A page from SS officer Juergen Stroop's report on the <a href="/narrative/3636/en">Warsaw ghetto uprising</a>. He wrote: "This is what the former Jewish residential quarter looks like after its destruction." Warsaw, Poland, April-May, 1943.</p>

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<p>A page from SS officer Juergen Stroop's report on the <a href="/narrative/3636/en">Warsaw ghetto uprising</a>. He wrote: "This is what the former Jewish residential quarter looks like after its destruction." Warsaw, Poland, April-May, 1943.</p>

<p><a href="/narrative/10466/en">Regina Gelb</a> displays an album of her prewar family photographs. 2004.</p>

<p>A "sing-along" during a social gathering of the SS hierarchy at Solahütte. The front row consists of (left to right): Karl Höcker, Otto Moll, Rudolf Höss, Richard Baer, Josef Kramer, Franz Hössler, and <a href="/narrative/135/en">Josef Mengele</a>. From <a href="/narrative/10876/en">Höcker's album</a>.</p>

<p>SS female auxiliaries show with mock sadness that they have finished eating their blueberries, July 22, 1944. From the <a href="/narrative/10876/en">Hoecker Album</a> of 116 photographs taken during the last six months of Auschwitz, between June 1944 and January 1945. </p>

<p>In a take-off of travel posters advertising peaceful vacation spots, Beifeld draws a picture of a Hungarian military tent pitched next to a tree on which a bird is cheerfully chirping. Next to the tent the artist writes "Peaceful Surroundings" but above, a Soviet bomber releases a bomb aimed at the tent. [Photograph #58022]</p>

<p>Scene during the funeral of SS officers killed in the December 26, 1944, Allied bombing of <a href="/narrative/3673/en">Auschwitz</a>.</p>

<p>The funeral of SS officers killed in the December 26, 1944, Allied air raid on Auschwitz. Karl Höcker is giving the Nazi salute in front of a group of mourning women and children.</p>

<p>Cover to <a href="/narrative/8480/en">György Beifeld's album</a>, featuring a road sign with the Hungarian Labor Service company number 109/13 posted in a muddy wasteland. The Jewish labor servicemen were forced to construct roads on these muddy fields to accommodate the advance of the Hungarian 2nd Army toward the Don River.</p>

<p>Photograph of Yisrael and Zelig Jacob, the younger brothers of Lili Jacob, from the Auschwitz Album.</p>

<p>Train station near the <a href="/narrative/3819/en">Treblinka</a> killing center. This photo was found in an album belonging to camp commandant Kurt Franz. Poland, 1942-1943.</p>

<p>Photo album containing photographs taken by a passenger aboard the <a href="/narrative/4719/en"><em>St. Louis</em></a>, with a depiction of the ship on the cover. In 1939, this German ocean liner carried Jewish refugees seeking temporary refuge in Cuba. It was forced to <a href="/narrative/5063/en">return to Europe</a> after Cuba refused to allow the refugees entry into the country.</p>

<p>A page from <a href="/narrative/142/en">Anne Frank</a>'s photo album showing snapshots taken between 1935 and 1942. <a href="/narrative/5543/en">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands.</p>

<p>Map of Theresienstadt from an original document (1942-1945) and mounted in an album assembled by a survivor.</p>

<p>Stack of <a href="/narrative/10466/en">Regina Gelb</a>'s photographs and albums. 2004.</p>

<p>Page from Karl Höcker's <a href="/narrative/10865/en">album</a>, with the caption "Yuletime, 1944." The photographs show Karl Höcker lighting the candles on the Yule tree. 1944.</p>

<p>Jews captured by German troops during the <a href="/narrative/3636/en">Warsaw ghetto uprising</a> in April–May 1943. This photograph appeared in the <a href="/narrative/2012/en">Stroop Report</a>, an album compiled by SS Major General Juergen Stroop, commander of German forces that suppressed the Warsaw ghetto uprising. The album was introduced as evidence at the <a href="/narrative/9366/en">International Military Tribunal</a> at Nuremberg. In the decades since the trial this photo has become one of the iconographic images of the Holocaust.</p>

<p>Richard Baer and Karl Höcker look over a document with SS-Standartenführer Dr. Enno Lolling, the director of the Office for Sanitation and Hygiene in the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps. From left to right: Lolling, Baer, Höcker.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>SS female auxiliaries (Helferinnen) run down a ramp in Solahütte to the music of an accordion.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>The beginning of a ceremony to dedicate a new SS hospital in Auschwitz-Birkenau. A Nazi soldier salutes as the Nazi and SS flags are raised while a line of troops stand with rifles at attention during the dedication.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>SS female auxiliaries getting off the bus on a day trip in July 1944; this image contrasts starkly with the arrival of a deported Hungarian men, women, and children in <a href="/narrative/3673/en">Auschwitz</a>-Birkenau in May 1944.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>Richard Baer, Dr. Josef <a href="/narrative/135/en">Mengele</a>, and Rudolf Höss.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>September 1, 1944, Richard Baer ceremonially accepts a copy of the construction plans from the Chief of the Central Construction Directorate of the Waffen SS, SS-Sturmbannführer Karl Bischoff, celebrating the opening of an SS military hospital (SS-Lazarette). Baer was the last commandant of the Auschwitz camp. </p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10865/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at <a href="/narrative/3673/en">Auschwitz</a> as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>Obersturmführer Karl Höcker, June 21, 1944.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Karl Höcker, adjutant to the commandant of Auschwitz, kept a photograph album. The album includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>Photograph of Karl Höcker. He is standing in front of an air raid shelter.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10876/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>View of Solahütte, an SS retreat near <a href="/narrative/3673/en">Auschwitz</a>.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">From <a href="/narrative/10876/en">Karl Höcker's photograph album</a>, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </span></p>

<p>Karl Höcker (on left, looking at the camera) relaxes with SS physicians, including Dr. Fritz Klein (far left), Dr. Horst Schumann (partially obscured next to Klein, identified from other photographs), and Dr. Eduard Wirths (third from right, wearing tie).</p>
<p>From Karl Höcker's photograph album, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time. </p>
<div class="embedded-narrative-wrapper embedded-narrative-full"> </div>

<p>Blanka Rothschild and Neenah Ellis look through Blanka's photograph albums. Photograph taken in 2004.</p>

Article Auschwitz Through the Lens of the SS: The Album

Article Auschwitz Through the Lens of the SS: A Tale of Two Albums

<p>View of the countryside in Csobanka, Hungary, as the Hungarian Labor Service company 109/13 departs on the morning of April 20, 1942. [Photograph #57952]</p>

<p>Watercolor depicting Hungarian soldiers from a medical unit moving into a Russian village and setting up operations, April 10, 1943. [Photograph #58122]</p>

<p>(Bottom) In a drawing dated April 18, 1942, Beifeld shows the school where the Hungarian Labor Service company 109/13 was quartered in Csobanka (Szentendre district), Hungary, before its departure for the Ukraine. A group of Hungarian soldiers [assigned to the labor service company] sits outside in the schoolyard. [Photograph #57947]</p>

<p>Collage entitled: "Mementos from the Russian campaign," which includes a watercolor of Stalin with the caption: 'Russia a meeting place for foreigners 1942-43' (top); a commuter train ticket issued to military personnel who carried the special SAS [Hurry, Immediate, Urgent] draft notice (middle, right); a pseudo travel brochure cover entitled 'Spend your summer vacation in merry Russia' (bottom, left); and the original design for the cover of the labor company's journal entitled 'Hungarian Royal 109/13 Labor Company Travel Journal' (bottom, right). [Photograph #57943]</p>

<p>(top) "Watercolor entitled 'Sports weeks in Uryv, September 1942' in which a Russian tank attacks a Hungarian unit in Uryv."; (bottom) "Watercolor entitled 'Quiet Don: a detailed map of the Don River area' featuring images of dead soldiers, horses and spilled blood on a map of the Don River." [Photograph #58060]</p>

Artifact Beifeld album page outlining the labor service's roles in the war effort

<p>(Bottom) A drawing illustrating the patriotism of the Hungarian Jewish Labor Serviceman. Despite the fact that the Jew is denied the right to wear a military uniform and bear arms, Erno Steiner picks up the abandoned machine gun of First Lieutenant Hevessy of the 4th Infantry Division and starts firing at Soviet troops to fend them off. [Photograph #58015]</p>

<p>(Top) A map dated August 1942 showing the area of the late summer skirmishes between Hungarian and Soviet forces. It also shows the crucial bend in the Don River near the town of Uryv, where the fateful Soviet breakthrough occurred in January 1943. (Bottom) "Fairy tale nights along the Don River, August 1942." [Photograph #58058]</p>

<p>(Bottom) View of fortifications built at Kalimovka to defend the advancing troops of the 4th Infantry Division of the Hungarian 2nd Army. In the lower right corner of the drawing, men prepare the grave of Jewish Labor Serviceman Nandor Klein, the first fatality of the company. The Hungarian caption reads: The death of our first hero, Nandor Klein, his grave, June 5, 1942." Klein was killed by a stray Soviet bullet on his way back to base. [Photograph #58013]</p>

<p>(Top and bottom) The image at the top shows Hungarian soldiers abandoning their trenches on the front lines as a Soviet tank overruns the barbed wire fortification separating the two armies. The drawing at the bottom captioned "Alarm," shows Hungarian soldiers running back and forth sounding the alarm of the Soviet counteroffensive. The drawings are dated Jan 11 and 13, 1943. [Photograph #58103]</p>

<p>(top) "Watercolor entitled 'Partisan hotel and public house', Krassnolipia, Ukraine, until July 31, 1942"; (middle) "Drawing entitled 'The interrogation of partisans captured by our unit'"; (bottom) "Watercolor entitled 'My lodgings in Krassnolipia'" [Photograph #58040]</p>

<p>(Top) A drawing dated October 1942 depicting the events of August 28 when Beifeld was wounded near the front lines. His caption reads: "I get wounded and manage to get away from the dangerous bend in the [Don] river]." (Bottom left) Skull of a Soviet soldier with the caption 'Keep Smiling.' (Bottom right) Map entitled 'Dangerous Curve' depicting the bend in the Don River where the Soviet army was threatening to break through. [Photograph # 58061]</p>

<p>In a drawing dated April 14, 1942, Beifeld shows houses in Csobanka (Szentendre district), Hungary, where the Hungarian military officers assigned to the labor service company were quartered before their departure for the Ukraine. [Photograph #57949]</p>

<p>(Top) A map showing the progress of the advance of the Hungarian 2nd Army toward the Don River as of July 1942. [Photograph #58034]</p>

<p>Many observers at the <a href="/narrative/9366/en">International Military Tribunal</a> (IMT) at Nuremberg, aware of the historic nature of the trial, created scrapbooks to preserve their own record of the Nuremberg court. First Lieutenant Herman E. Klappert, Jr. was a photographer with the U.S. Army Signal Corps who assembled three such scrapbooks. Klappert's albums consist almost entirely of photographs that he printed himself. Also included in the albums are original autographs from the defendants and other principal figures at the trial, official identification cards issued to Klappert, pages from a program guide handed out at the trial, and prints from motion picture film. On these two pages are signatures from IMT defendants <a href="/narrative/9909/en">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a> and <a href="/narrative/9912/en">Albert Speer</a>.</p>

<p>Many observers at the IMT, aware of the historic nature of the trial, created scrapbooks to preserve their own record of the Nuremberg court. First Lieutenant Herman E. Klappert, Jr. was a photographer with the U.S. Army Signal Corps who assembled three such scrapbooks. Klappert's albums consist almost entirely of photographs that he printed himself. Also included in the albums are original autographs from the defendants and other principal figures at the trial, official identification cards issued to Klappert, pages from a program guide handed out at the trial, and prints from motion picture film. These two pages include the original Signal Corps Radiophoto caption, as well as a newspaper clipping reporting sentencing results.</p>

<p>Page from volume 5 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page conatins anti-Nazi leaflets</p>

<p>Page from volume 5 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains the resistance fighting manual published without any identifying marks on the cover.</p>

<p>Page from volume 5 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains the resistance fighting manual published without any identifying marks on the cover.</p>

<p>Page from volume 4 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains an anti-German broadside and a postcard from an internment camp sent by a member of the Danish navy.</p>

<p>Page from volume 3 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains both authentic and false permits and passes.</p>

<p>Page from volume 2 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains handbills of the Danish Nazi party.</p>

<p>Page from volume 1 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains a sign to a bomb shelter.</p>

<p>Page from volume 1 of a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark. This page contains a flyer air-dropped from a German airplane.</p>

<p>Dedication to a set of scrapbooks compiled by Bjorn Sibbern, a Danish policeman and resistance member, documenting the German occupation of <a href="/narrative/4236/en">Denmark</a>. Bjorn's wife Tove was also active in the Danish resistance. After World War II, Bjorn and Tove moved to Canada and later settled in California, where Bjorn compiled five scrapbooks dedicated to the Sibbern's daughter, Lisa. The books are fully annotated in English and contain photographs, documents and three-dimensional artifacts documenting all aspects of the German occupation of Denmark.</p>

<p>Drawing entitled 'Christmas Apotheosis! Don't let them do it' in which a member of a Hungarian medical unit stands behind a wounded Hungarian soldier as Russian tanks are destroying a Christmas tree. [Photograph #58087]</p>

<p>(Middle, left and bottom) In the drawing at the middle, left, Hungarian soldiers use an ax to cut up a dead horse in order to get meat to sustain themselves. The image at the bottom, titled "The Long Trip, February 1943," shows a Hungarian soldier walking along a road past a dead horse and an abandoned harrow that is half buried in the snow. [Photograph #58110]</p>

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