<p>A Jewish-owned cafe in <a href="/narrative/6000">Vienna</a> that was defaced with antisemitic graffiti. Vienna, Austria, November 1938.</p>
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antisemitism

Sometimes called "the longest hatred," antisemitism has persisted in many forms for over two thousand years. The racial antisemitism of the National Socialists (Nazis) took hatred of Jews to a genocidal extreme, yet the Holocaust began with words and ideas: stereotypes, sinister cartoons, and the gradual spread of hate.

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All Content Tagged 'antisemitism'

Panel from the exhibition A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2006–18. The exhibition explored the continuing impact of the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. 
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'A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion' exhibition
Onlookers watch as a Jewish man is forced to paint anti-Jewish graffiti on a shuttered storefront. Vienna, Austria, March 1938.
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A Jewish man is forced to paint anti-Jewish graffiti on a storefront in Vienna
A sign outside a town in northern Bavaria warns: "City of Hersbruck. This lovely city of Hersbruck, this glorious spot of earth, was created only for Germans and not for Jews. Jews are therefore not welcome." Hersbruck, Germany, May 4, 1935.
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Antisemitic sign outside a town in northern Bavaria
Like other Jews, the Lewents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In 1942, as Abraham hid in a crawl space, the Germans seized his mother and sisters in a raid. They perished. He was deployed for forced labor nearby, but escaped to return to his father in the ghetto. In 1943, the two were deported to Majdanek, where Abraham's father died. Abraham later was sent to Skarzysko, Buchenwald, Schlieben, Bisingen, and Dachau. US troops liberated Abraham as the Germans evacuated prisoners.
Oral History
Abraham Lewent describes performing forced labor in Warsaw and increased Polish antisemitism
Adolf Hitler (front row, far left) served on the western front in World War I and during the course of the war was twice decorated for service, wounded, and temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack. He used his veteran status in later election campaigns.
Timeline Event
Adolf Hitler Issues Comment on the "Jewish Question"
Poster of a pro-Dreyfus parlor game, France, ca. 1898
Article
Alfred Dreyfus and the "Dreyfus Affair"
Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols reinforced Nazi anti-Jewish ideology. This is the fourth edition. Published in Munich, 1933.
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Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
This Arabic translation of the Protocols by Ajaj Nuwayid also has appeared on a website sponsored by the Palestinian State Information Service. Published in Beirut, Lebanon, 1996.
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An Arabic translation of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Protesters at an anti-Israel rally. Washington, DC, March 2010.
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Anti-Israel rally
Germans in front of a Jewish-owned department store in Berlin during the anti-Jewish boycott. Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933.
Timeline Event
Anti-Jewish Boycott
A boycott sign posted on the display window of a Jewish-owned business reads: "Germans defend yourselves against Jewish atrocity propaganda. Buy only at German shops!" Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933.
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Anti-Jewish boycott poster in Berlin
Visitors view the exhibition of the Arrow Cross newspaper, Pesti Ujság, at the International Fair in Budapest. The headline reads:  "For a Hungary without Jews." Budapest, Hungary, approximately 1941-1942.   The Arrow Cross was Hungary's largest fascist political movement after 1935. In the 1939 parliamentary elections it won over 20% of the vote and had more than 250,000 members. Its ideology was ultra-nationalistic and fiercely antisemitic. The Arrow Cross viewed Jews as an "anti-national" "race" that it held responsible for Communism and finance capitalism. The Arrow Cross demanded that Hungary's Jews be "resettled" outside of Europe.  Karoly Marothy (Marothy Karoly in Hungarian) founded the newspaper, Pesti Ujság, and served in the Hungarian parliament as a member of the Arrow Cross Party.
Timeline Event
Anti-Jewish Laws in Hungary
As a German soldier looks on, Tunisian Jews are forced to sweep the street and move a wooden crate on a hand cart. Tunisia, 1942-43. Photograph courtesy of Bundesarchiv, German Federal Archives
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Anti-Jewish Legislation in North Africa
German police authorities issued this passport to Erna "Sara" Schlesinger on July 8, 1939, in Berlin. This first page of the passport illustrates the German laws that facilitated the identification of Jews in Germany. From 1938, German regulations required that Jewish women with a first name of "non-Jewish" origin use the middle name "Sara" on all official documents. Jewish men had to add the name "Israel". The letter "J" (standing for "Jude," that is, the word "Jew" in German) was stamped in red on the passports of Jews who were also German nationals. Erna Schlesinger emigrated to the United States in 1939.
Article
Anti-Jewish Legislation in Prewar Germany
Media Essay
Anti-Jewish Legislation in Prewar Germany - Photographs
A notice posted by a student group calling for Romanians to protest against the rights of Jews. Iasi, Romania, 1941–1942.
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Anti-Jewish poster in Romania

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