Gross-Rosen became an independent concentration camp in 1941. The camp eventually expanded to become the center of an industrial complex and to include a vast network of at least 97 subcamps.
![Major camps in Greater Germany, Gross-Rosen indicated [LCID: grr72020]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/1e1a90d8-17c3-4704-b09d-195bad62df43.gif "Major camps in Greater Germany, Gross-Rosen indicated [LCID: grr72020]")
![Gross-Rosen environs, 1945 [LCID: grr44030]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/6ad5b79e-680f-4208-a590-8be469605808.gif "Gross-Rosen environs, 1945 [LCID: grr44030]")
![Gross-Rosen concentration camp, 1945 [LCID: grr22044]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/ca104af8-d840-472b-91d5-b0af45abe206.gif "Gross-Rosen concentration camp, 1945 [LCID: grr22044]")
![Gross-Rosen subcamps, 1940-1945 [LCID: grr72050]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/3e9185d7-3f95-45ac-9e5a-14e445a04ca0.gif "Gross-Rosen subcamps, 1940-1945 [LCID: grr72050]")
![The commander of Gross-Rosen, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Arthur Roedl, at his desk with a photograph of Adolf Hitler hanging on the ... [LCID: 36214]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/145cb1ff-23c8-4a47-9431-7cd39bef2a88.jpg "The commander of Gross-Rosen, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Arthur Roedl, at his desk with a photograph of Adolf Hitler hanging on the ... [LCID: 36214]")
The commandant of Gross-Rosen, SS-Obersturmbannfuehrer Arthur Roedl, at his desk with a photograph of Adolf Hitler hanging on the wall. Gross-Rosen, Germany, 1941.
Item View![Commandant Arthur Roedl and SS officers visit the Gross-Rosen concentration camp's quarry. [LCID: 36223]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/dcd4776b-474b-4d4a-955f-ffd01d55f5eb.jpg "Commandant Arthur Roedl and SS officers visit the Gross-Rosen concentration camp's quarry. [LCID: 36223]")
Commandant Arthur Roedl (center) and SS officers visit the Gross-Rosen concentration camp's quarry. Gross-Rosen, Germany, 1941.
Item View![View of the stone quarry in the Gross-Rosen camp, where prisoners were subjected to forced labor. [LCID: 55760]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/69eeea0c-ac0c-42ff-8ddb-bf8457bf46cd.jpg "View of the stone quarry in the Gross-Rosen camp, where prisoners were subjected to forced labor. [LCID: 55760]")
View of the stone quarry in the Gross-Rosen camp, where prisoners were subjected to forced labor. Gross-Rosen, Germany, 1940-1945.
Item ViewAfter Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, Siegfried fled with a friend. They attempted to get papers allowing them to go to France, but were turned over to the Germans. Siegfried was jailed, taken to Berlin, and then transported to the Sachsenhausen camp near Berlin in October 1939. He was among the first Polish Jews imprisoned in Sachsenhausen. Inmates were mistreated and made to carry out forced labor. After two years, Siegfried was deported to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, where he was forced to work in the stone quarry. In October 1942, Siegfried was deported from Gross-Rosen to the Auschwitz camp in occupied Poland. While there, Siegfried tried to use his experience as a pharmacist to save ill prisoners. As Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz camp in January 1945, Siegfried was forced on a death march from the camp. Those prisoners who could not continue or keep up were killed. Siegfried survived.
Item ViewAfter Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, Siegfried fled with a friend. They attempted to get papers allowing them to go to France, but were turned over to the Germans. Siegfried was jailed, taken to Berlin, and then transported to the Sachsenhausen camp near Berlin in October 1939. He was among the first Polish Jews imprisoned in Sachsenhausen. Inmates were mistreated and made to carry out forced labor. After two years, Siegfried was deported to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, where he was forced to work in the stone quarry. In October 1942, Siegfried was deported from Gross-Rosen to the Auschwitz camp in occupied Poland. While there, Siegfried tried to use his experience as a pharmacist to save ill prisoners. As Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz camp in January 1945, Siegfried was forced on a death march from the camp. Those prisoners who could not continue or keep up were killed. Siegfried survived.
Item ViewThe Germans occupied David's town, previously annexed by Hungary, in 1944. David was deported to Auschwitz and, with his father, transported to Plaszow. David was sent to the Gross-Rosen camp and to Reichenbach. He was then among three of 150 in a cattle car who survived transportation to Dachau. He was liberated after a death march from Innsbruck toward the front line of combat between US and German troops.
Item ViewIn 1942, Hana was confined with other Jews to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she worked as a nurse. There, amid epidemics and poverty, residents held operas, debates, and poetry readings. In 1944, she was deported to Auschwitz. After a month there, she was sent to Sackisch, a Gross-Rosen subcamp, where she made airplane parts at forced labor. She was liberated in May 1945.
Item ViewIn 1939, Gerda's brother was deported for forced labor. In June 1942, Gerda's family was deported from the Bielsko ghetto. While her parents were transported to Auschwitz, Gerda was sent to the Gross-Rosen camp system, where for the remainder of the war she performed forced labor in textile factories. Gerda was liberated after a death march, wearing the ski boots her father insisted would help her to survive. She married her American liberator.
Item ViewBarbara was born in the province of Arad in northern Transylvania, Romania. She went to school until the Hungarian army occupied the area in 1940 and she was no longer allowed to attend. After the Germans occupied Hungary in 1944, discrimination against Jews intensified. Barbara and her family were forced into the Oradea ghetto. She worked in the ghetto hospital until she was deported to the Auschwitz camp. At Auschwitz, she worked in the kitchens to receive extra food. She was deported to another camp, and later forced on a death march. Toward the war's end, the Red Cross rescued Barbara. She returned to Arad after World War II and worked as a biochemist.
Item View![Death marches from Gross-Rosen, January 1945 [LCID: grr72060]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/16f1a13d-9e2b-4c30-8460-edfddd85a54a.gif "Death marches from Gross-Rosen, January 1945 [LCID: grr72060]")
![International Tracing Service boxes containing documentation about Gross-Rosen. [LCID: 43573]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/68948953-a305-445b-b1eb-370ed79fde84.jpg "International Tracing Service boxes containing documentation about Gross-Rosen. [LCID: 43573]")
International Tracing Service (ITS) boxes containing documentation about Gross-Rosen. The archive was established by the Allied powers after World War II to help reunite families separated during the war and to trace missing family members. Bad Arolsen, Germany.
Learn more about the ITS.
Item View
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