Lidia Lebowitz was 10 years old when Germany occupied Hungary in 1944. Lidia and her parents were among the some 15,000 Jews forced into a ghetto in the town of Sátoraljaújhely. In May and June of 1944, all the Jews there were deported to Auschwitz. Lidia and her parents were never heard from again.
These maps add geographic context to Lidia's experiences.
![Europe, 1933 [LCID: eur11080]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a96f52e9-a51c-458d-a452-391ac8f690d0.gif "Europe, 1933 [LCID: eur11080]")
![Europe 1933, Hungary indicated [LCID: eur69380]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/667ea190-a93e-4179-b5f7-358014996aa0.gif "Europe 1933, Hungary indicated [LCID: eur69380]")
![Hungary, 1933 [LCID: hun19010]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/3c6752cc-f96d-405b-88e4-64a5549a38e8.gif "Hungary, 1933 [LCID: hun19010]")
![German administration of Europe, 1944 [LCID: eur66010]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/fb746038-63f4-4fdf-836b-c7af9c8a5898.gif "German administration of Europe, 1944 [LCID: eur66010]")
![Deportations from Hungarian ghettos to Auschwitz [LCID: hun78120]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/958f0ea1-9e02-4f13-a598-2f8137398d8a.gif "Deportations from Hungarian ghettos to Auschwitz [LCID: hun78120]")
![Killing centers, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc72054]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/162814f3-bf09-4986-9ce7-762e3bd4380a.gif "Killing centers, Auschwitz indicated [LCID: auc72054]")
![Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/341a5fd2-ed4d-4067-b988-f7b0fe940fdb.gif "Auschwitz environs, summer 1944 [LCID: auc42030]")
Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans. It was a complex of camps, including a concentration, extermination, and forced-labor camp. It was located at the town of Oswiecim near the prewar German-Polish border in Eastern Upper Silesia, an area annexed to Germany in 1939. Auschwitz I was the main camp and the first camp established at Oswiecim. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) was the killing center at Auschwitz. Trains arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau almost daily with transports of Jews from virtually every German-occupied country of Europe. Auschwitz III, also called Buna or Monowitz, was established in Monowice to provide forced laborers for nearby factories, including the I.G. Farben works. At least 1.1 million Jews were killed in Auschwitz. Other victims included between 70,000 and 75,000 Poles, 21,000 Roma, and about 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war.
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