The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. It falsely purports to be the record of secret meetings of Jewish leaders who were plotting to take over the world. In 1921, a London Times article provided proof exposing the text as fraudulent. The Protocols has been repeatedly discredited since, but continues to circulate today.
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. The Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Item View![The Times, August 17, 1921 [LCID: 2006sqvy]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/1db55263-3ecb-484d-8605-f37d69468d8d.jpg "The Times, August 17, 1921 [LCID: 2006sqvy]")
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. The Times (London), August 17, 1921.
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In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. The Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Item View
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. The Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Item View
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. The Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Item View
Nazi Germany’s semi-official and fiercely antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer warned of a Jewish program for world domination in this 1934 issue. The article—titled “Who is the Enemy?”—blamed Jews for destroying social order and claimed that Jews wanted war, while the rest of the world wanted peace. Der Stürmer, July 1934.
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