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New York Herald reporter Herman Bernstein declared the Protocols “a cruel and terrible lie invented for the purpose of defaming the entire Jewish people.” Published in New York, 1921, reprinted 1928.
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Protocols of the Elders of Zion

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Panel from the exhibition A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2006–18. The exhibition explored the continuing impact of the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. 
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'A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion' exhibition
Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols reinforced Nazi anti-Jewish ideology. This is the fourth edition. Published in Munich, 1933.
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Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Cover of The Jewish Peril: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, published in London, 1920. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most notorious and widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. Its lies about Jews, which have been repeatedly discredited, continue to circulate today, especially on the Internet. 
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Antisemitic work published in London
The International Jew, based largely on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, sold more than 500,000 copies and was translated into at least 16 languages. Published in Dearborn, Michigan, United States, 1920.
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Cover of The International Jew
The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion is the first documented version of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion published outside of Russia. Published in Charlottenburg, Germany, 1920.
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Cover of The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion
An exhibition at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum demonstrated how the Nazis used the Protocols of the Elders of Zion to spread hatred of Jews. Washington, D.C., 2006-2018.
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Exhibition about the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
New York Herald reporter Herman Bernstein declared the Protocols “a cruel and terrible lie invented for the purpose of defaming the entire Jewish people.” Published in New York, 1921, reprinted 1928.
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Exposing the Protocols of the Elders of Zion as a lie
Like many editions of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion published in the 1920s, this French-language version charges that Jews are a foreign and dangerous influence. Published in Paris, 1920.
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French version of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Panel from the exhibition A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2006–18. The exhibition explored the continuing impact of the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. 
Article
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Media Essay
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Media Essay
Protocols of the Elders of Zion - Artifact/Document
Like many editions of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion published in the 1920s, this French-language version charges that Jews are a foreign and dangerous influence. Published in Paris, 1920.
Article
Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Key Dates
Media Essay
Protocols of the Elders of Zion - Photographs
Media Essay
The Times, August 17, 1921
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with the Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Artifact
The Times, August 17, 1921
In this London Times article, reporter Philip Graves compared passages from Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (1864) side-by-side with the Protocols of the Elders of Zion in order to prove that the Protocols was plagiarized. Other investigations revealed that one chapter of a Prussian novel, Hermann Goedsche’s Biarritz (1868), also “inspired” the Protocols. Times (London), August 17, 1921.
Artifact
The Times, August 17, 1921

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