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Explore Frank Liebermann’s biography and learn about his experiences of antisemitism in his home town in Germany before World War II.
February 28, 1933. On this date, President Hindenburg issued the Decree for the Protection of People and the Reich, also known as the Reichstag Fire Decree.
November 20, 1945. On this date, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, began the trials of 21 major Nazi leaders.
November 12, 1918. On this date, women gain the right to vote in Germany.
Josefa Boholle (Josefa van der Want after marrying her husband in 1943) sitting on the steps of a circus wagon with a bird on her shoulder. The photo was likely taken in Eisleben, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, around 1936-1937. During World War II, Josefa and her Dutch husband were imprisoned in the Stutthof concentration camp. The official reason given for their arrest was for listening to foreign radio broadcasts. However, it is likely that the couple’s resistance activities and their interracial marriage…
Members of the German Africa Show (Deutsche Afrika-Schau), circa 1937 in Germany. Though these early shows were exploitative by nature, artists originally had the ability to shape their own performances and how they were represented. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, this agency began to disappear. During the Nazi era, working in such shows was an increasingly propaganda-driven, demoralizing, and unpleasant experience. Known persons in the photograph from left to right: Josef Boholle is the furthest…
Adolf Hitler authorized the murder of people with disabilities sometime in autumn 1939 but backdated the order to the start of World War II.
August 18, 1939. On this date, German officials ordered the registration of infants and toddlers showing signs of mental or physical disabilities.
The Farhud (pogrom), an outbreak of mob violence against Baghdad Jewry in June 1941, was a turning point in the history of Jews in Iraq. Learn more
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