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November 20, 1945. On this date, the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, began the trials of 21 major Nazi leaders.
The back of Samuel Soltz's citizenship papers illustrates the vast array of bureaucratic stamps and visas needed to emigrate from Europe in 1940–41. The stamp in the top left, dated August 21, 1940, represents a visa from the Japanese consul to Lithuania, Chiune Sugihara. Sugihara issued thousands of visas to enable Jews to escape.
Photo taken in Secretary of State Cordell Hull's office on the occasion of the third meeting of the War Refugee Board. Hull is at the left, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, Jr., is in the center, and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson is at the right. Washington, DC, United States, March 21, 1944.
The Aliyah Bet ("illegal" immigration) ship Parita, carrying 850 Jewish refugees, lands on a sandbank off the Tel Aviv coast. The British arrested the passengers and interned them at Atlit detention camp. Palestine, August 21, 1939.
Aerial photograph of Auschwitz II (Birkenau). Poland, December 21, 1944. This image is one of a series of aerial photographs taken by Allied reconnaissance units under the command of the 15th US Army Air Force during missions dating between April 4, 1944, and January 14, 1945.
Third meeting of the board of directors of the War Refugee Board. From the left are Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Secretary of War Henry Stimson, and Executive Director John Pehle. Washington, DC, United States, March 21, 1944.
Polish-Jewish refugees seeking to leave Europe arrive in Lisbon. Following the German invasion of France, Jewish and non-Jewish refugee assistance organizations relocated their headquarters to Lisbon, the only neutral European port from which refugees could depart to North and South America. Lisbon, Portugal, June 21-22, 1940.
An SD officer reads a list of charges against a group of Polish civilians just before their execution in the forest near Szubin. A German soldier can be seen in the left background and a woman is included in the number of those to be shot. According to the Main Crimes Commission, one of the officers involved is SS Major Ernst Tiedemann. Szubin (Bydgoszcz), Poland, October 21, 1939.
The 12th Armored Division participated in major WWII campaigns and is recognized for liberating a subcamp of Dachau in 1945.
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