<p>Wedding rings taken from prisoners. The rings were found near the <a href="/narrative/3956">Buchenwald</a> concentration camp following liberation by US Army soldiers. Germany, May 1945.</p>
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<p>Zofia Burowska (Chorowicz) donated this doll, which dates from the 1930s, to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Zofia's parents gave her the doll before the war and she kept it with her in the Wolbrum and Krakow ghettos, Poland. The doll and some of her family's other belongings were left with non-Jewish friends for safekeeping. Zofia was deported to a forced-labor camp for Jews near Krakow, to the Skarzysko-Kamienna camp (also in Poland), and then to the Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, where she was liberated. After the war, she returned to Krakow and retrieved her doll.</p>
Artifact
Doll from the Krakow ghetto
Abraham Lewent
ID Card
Abraham Lewent
<p>Emaciated survivors of the <a href="/narrative/3956">Buchenwald</a> concentration camp soon after the liberation of the camp. Germany, after April 11, 1945.</p>
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Survivors of Buchenwald
<p>This photograph taken soon after liberation shows young camp survivors from Buchenwald's "Children's Block 66"—a special barracks for children. Germany, after April 11, 1945.</p>
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Young survivors of Buchenwald
<p>American radio journalists view corpses in the <a href="/narrative/3956">Buchenwald</a> concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the <a href="/narrative/2317">liberation</a> of the camp. Germany, April 18, 1945.</p> <p>Pictured from left to right are, Lowell Thomas (NBC); Howard Barnes (WOR); and George Hamilton Combs (WHN).</p>
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Corpses of victims of the Buchenwald camp
<p>Liberated prisoners demonstrate the overcrowded conditions at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Photograph taken after the liberation of the camp. Buchenwald, Germany, April 23, 1945.</p>
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Overcrowded conditions at Buchenwald
<p>In January 1945, the <a href="/narrative/2529">Third Reich</a> stood on the verge of military defeat. As Allied forces approached Nazi camps, the SS organized death marches of concentration camp inmates, in part to keep large numbers of concentration camp prisoners from falling into Allied hands. The term "<a href="/narrative/2931">death march</a>" was probably coined by concentration camp prisoners. It referred to forced marches of concentration camp prisoners over long distances under heavy guard and extremely harsh conditions. During death marches, SS guards brutally mistreated the prisoners and killed many. The largest death marches were launched from <a href="/narrative/3673">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/narrative/3933">Stutthof</a>.</p>
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Major death marches and evacuations, 1944-1945
<p>Abraham Lewent, who had been sent from the <a href="/narrative/2014">Warsaw</a> ghetto to <a href="/narrative/3168">Majdanek</a> and later transferred to several concentration camps in Germany, wore this jacket as part of the uniform issued to him upon his arrival in the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1944.</p>
Artifact
Abraham Lewent's prisoner jacket
<p>Newly arrived prisoners at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, 1938-1940.</p>
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Arrival at Buchenwald
<p>The valuables displayed here were confiscated from prisoners by German guards at the Buchenwald concentration camp and later found by soldiers of the Third US Army after the liberation of the camp. Buchenwald, Germany, after April 1945.</p>
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Valuables confiscated from prisoners at the Buchenwald camp
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Major death marches from Auschwitz, January 1945
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Major death marches from Buchenwald, April 1945
<p>A US soldier stands among the corpses of prisoners exhumed from a mass grave in a ravine near Nammering. On April 19, 1945, a freight train with nearly 4,500 prisoners from Buchenwald pulled onto the railroad siding at Nammering. Hundreds of prisoners who had died on the train were buried in the mass grave along with the prisoners who were forced to carry the corpses to the ravine and were then shot. Germany, ca. May 6, 1945.</p>
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A US soldier stands among the corpses of prisoners exhumed from a mass grave near Nammering
<p>Waldemar Hoven, head SS doctor at the <a href="/narrative/3956">Buchenwald</a> concentration camp, testifies in his own defense at the <a href="/narrative/9245">Doctors Trial</a>. Hoven conducted medical experiments on prisoners. Nuremberg, Germany, June 23, 1947.</p>
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Waldemar Hoven, head SS doctor at Buchenwald
<p>Returning from work in a stone quarry, <a href="/narrative/3384">forced laborers</a> carry stones more than six miles to the <a href="/narrative/3956">Buchenwald</a> concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain.</p>
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Buchenwald prisoners returning from forced labor
<p>Roll call for newly arrived prisoners, mostly Jews arrested during <a href="/narrative/4063"><em>Kristallnacht</em></a> (the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom), at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, 1938.</p>
Article
Buchenwald

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