Signing of the Tripartite Pact
Bulgarian leader Bogdan Filov (standing) and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop (seated, center) during the signing of the Tripartite Pact. This treaty formally aligned Bulgaria with the Axis powers. Vienna, Austria, March 1, 1941.
Item ViewDeportation of Jews from Bulgarian-occupied territories
Jews from Bulgarian-occupied territories during deportation along the Danube to Vienna, from where they were deported by train to the Treblinka killing center in German-occupied Poland. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Item ViewThracian Jews crowded onto a ship used for deportations
Thracian Jews crowded into an interior room of the Karađorđe, used as a deportation ship, just before it left the Danube River port of Lom. From Lom they were loaded onto four Bulgarian ships and taken to Vienna, where they were put on trains bound for the Treblinka killing center in occupied Poland. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Item ViewThracian Jews aboard a ship during deportation
Thracian Jews crowd the upper deck of the Karađorđe, a ship used for deportation, as it leaves the port of Lom. They were transported by ship along the Danube River to Vienna and then by rail to the Treblinka killing center in occupied Poland. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Item ViewJews forced to board a deportation ship on the Danube River
Jews forced to board a deportation ship in the Danube River port of Lom during deportations from Bulgarian-occupied territories. They were deported, through Vienna, to the Treblinka camp in German-occupied Poland. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Item ViewDeportation of Jews by Bulgarian authorities
Deportation of Jews by Bulgarian authorities. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
Item ViewDeportation of Macedonian Jews
Scene during the deportation of Macedonian Jews by Bulgarian occupation authorities. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewMacedonian Jews prepare to board a deportation train in Skopje
Macedonian Jews prepare to board a deportation train in Skopje. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to the Treblinka killing center.
Item ViewJews prepare soup outside the Monopol tobacco factory transit camp
Jews prepare soup outside the Monopol tobacco factory, used as a transit camp by Bulgarian authorities during deportations of Jews from Macedonia. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to the Treblinka killing center.
Item ViewJews outside the Monopol tobacco factory transit camp
Jews outside the Monopol tobacco factory, used as a transit camp by Bulgarian authorities during deportations from Macedonia to the Treblinka killing center in German-occupied Poland. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to Treblinka.
Item ViewAleksander Belev, Bulgarian commissioner for Jewish Affairs, oversees a deportation
Aleksander Belev, Bulgarian commissioner for Jewish Affairs (center, wearing hat and facing the camera), oversees the deportation of Jews. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewMacedonian Jews boarding trains to be deported
Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia who were rounded up and assembled in the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje prepare to board deportation trains. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewBulgarian authorities round up Jews in occupied Macedonia
Bulgarian authorities round up Jews in occupied Macedonia for deportation. They were first held in a camp in Skopje and then deported to the Treblinka killing center in German-occupied Poland. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewJews from Macedonia board deportation trains
Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia who were rounded up and assembled in the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje prepare to board deportation trains. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewMacedonian Jews gathered together for deportation
Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia are rounded up for deportation. Bulgarian authorities held them first in a camp in Skopje, then deported them to the Treblinka killing center in German-occupied Poland. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
Item ViewJews from Macedonia before deportation to the Treblinka killing center
Jews from Macedonia who were rounded up and assembled in the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp before deportation to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.
The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being deported by train in three transports between March 22 and 29, to Treblinka.
Item ViewNorbert Yasharoff wearing the compulsory star of David
Norbert Yasharoff, a Bulgarian Jew, wearing the compulsory star of David. His young sister was not then required to wear a star. Pleven, Bulgaria, between May and September 1943.
Item ViewCompulsory Jewish badge in Greece
Joseph Levi, a pharmacist and the head of the Jewish community of Komotine, wearing the compulsory Jewish badge. Bulgarian occupation authorities later deported him to the Treblinka killing center. Komotine, Greece, 1942.
Item ViewDeportation of Jews from Thrace to Treblinka
Scene during the deportation of Jews from Thrace to the Treblinka killing center. Lom, Bulgaria, March 1943.
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