The SS first established Neuengamme in December 1938 as a subcamp of Sachsenhausen. Later, in June 1940, the SS decided to establish an independent concentration camp at Neuengamme. Prisoners of the camp were subjected to horrific living conditions, medical experiments, and forced labor. More than 50,000 people—almost half of all those imprisoned in the camp during its existence—died in Neuengamme.
![View of Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, wartime. [LCID: 83540]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a0c15e7f-80e6-4d62-aafc-c21ae5390e1a.jpg "View of Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, wartime. [LCID: 83540]")
View of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Prisoners stand behind the fence that separates the "protective custody" camp from the manufacturing sectors of the camp. In the distance are the crematorium and the Walther armaments works. Photograph taken between 1940 and 1945, Neuengamme, Germany.
![Former prisoners of Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme, are taken to a hospital for medical attention. [LCID: 63303]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/eaeb8e9a-0854-4f9e-8df1-a357f415fe13.jpg "Former prisoners of Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme, are taken to a hospital for medical attention. [LCID: 63303]")
Former prisoners of Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme, are taken to a hospital for medical attention. Germany, May 4, 1945.
Item View![Sleeping quarters in Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 10262]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/670437d6-3f6a-4af3-8c3f-e781f0de58e6.jpg "Sleeping quarters in Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 10262]")
Sleeping quarters in Wöbbelin, a subcamp of Neuengamme concentration camp. This photograph was taken upon the liberation of the camp by US forces. Germany, May 5, 1945.
Item View![Eduard, Elisabeth, and Alexander Hornemann. The boys, victims of tuberculosis medical experiments at Neuengamme concentration camp, ... [LCID: 78745c]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/8cefcabf-399f-4cba-b9d8-9212188a5535.jpg "Eduard, Elisabeth, and Alexander Hornemann. The boys, victims of tuberculosis medical experiments at Neuengamme concentration camp, ... [LCID: 78745c]")
Eduard, Elisabeth, and Alexander Hornemann. The boys, victims of tuberculosis medical experiments at Neuengamme concentration camp, were murdered shortly before liberation. Elisabeth died of typhus in Auschwitz. The Netherlands, prewar.
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Photograph of seven-year-old Jacqueline Morgenstern in Paris, France, 1940. Jacqueline was later a victim of tuberculosis medical experiments at the Neuengamme concentration camp. The SS took 20 of the children who had been victims of medical experiments at Neuengamme to a school building in Hamburg. Situated on Bullenhuser Damm, this location was a subcamp of Neuengamme. Jacqueline and the other children in the group (10 boys and 10 girls, all Jewish) were killed there.
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A Jewish child is forced to show the scar left after SS physicians removed his lymph nodes. This child was one of 20 Jewish children injected with tuberculosis germs as part of a medical experiment. All were murdered on April 20, 1945. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, between December 1944 and February 1945.
Item View![View of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Neuengamme, Germany, 1945. [LCID: 08735]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/6ac6a7cb-3638-41ae-87e9-307a22f704b8.jpg "View of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Neuengamme, Germany, 1945. [LCID: 08735]")
View of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Neuengamme, Germany, 1945.
Item View![SS men supervise laborers at construction work. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, winter 1943. [LCID: 55244]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/bb58b4db-7b9f-4a0d-b153-90b06e1b9ca4.jpg "SS men supervise laborers at construction work. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, winter 1943. [LCID: 55244]")
SS men supervise laborers at construction work. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, winter 1943.
Item View![Concentration camp prisoners, many from satellite camps of Neuengamme, remove corpses of German civilians after Allied bombings of ... [LCID: 79113]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a41247f3-d777-4ca0-8132-103e032b0b05.jpg "Concentration camp prisoners, many from satellite camps of Neuengamme, remove corpses of German civilians after Allied bombings of ... [LCID: 79113]")
Concentration camp prisoners, many from satellite camps of Neuengamme, remove corpses of German civilians after Allied bombings of Hamburg. Germany, August 1943.
Item View![Prisoners at forced labor in the Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 6031]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/964e8219-632d-4fec-81cb-2eb2a806804c.jpg "Prisoners at forced labor in the Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 6031]")
Prisoners at forced labor in the Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, 1941-1942.
Item View![Forced labor in Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, 1940. [LCID: 83529]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/bba5acb4-5f8b-4915-9bf4-6a332ed0bfea.jpg "Forced labor in Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, 1940. [LCID: 83529]")
Forced labor in Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, 1940.
Item View![An SS guard watches prisoner laborers at construction work. [LCID: 83526]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9e72c197-27aa-4aa5-95bc-dad4213acec9.jpg "An SS guard watches prisoner laborers at construction work. [LCID: 83526]")
An SS guard watches prisoner laborers at construction work. Neuengamme concentration camp, Germany, wartime.
Item View![Prisoners at forced labor in the brick factory at Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 79275]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/5a5d8c91-1b95-4f7e-9453-9b593f5428db.jpg "Prisoners at forced labor in the brick factory at Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 79275]")
Prisoners at forced labor in the brick factory at Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain.
Item View![Aerial view of Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain. [LCID: 79274]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/c62645b8-0736-41c6-8196-59f835248135.jpg "Aerial view of Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain. [LCID: 79274]")
An aerial view of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain.
Item View![Troops of the American 82nd Airborne Division view bodies of inmates at Wöbbelin, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 74576]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/6fa1c624-edbf-4666-8518-f82bf9b2e56a.jpg "Troops of the American 82nd Airborne Division view bodies of inmates at Wöbbelin, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. [LCID: 74576]")
Troops of the American 82nd Airborne Division view bodies of inmates at Wöbbelin, a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Germany, May 6, 1945.
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