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German soldiers parade in Pilsudski Square. Warsaw, Poland, October 4, 1939.
A German postcard showing the entrance to the Lodz ghetto. The sign reads "Jewish residential area—entry forbidden." Signs forbidding entrance to Poles and Germans were posted at all entrances to the ghetto. Lodz, Poland, 1940–1941.
An official visit of Heinrich Himmler to the Lodz ghetto. Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, head of the Jewish council, greets the Nazi officials. Lodz, Poland, June 5, 1941.
Jews carrying their possessions during deportation to the Chelmno killing center. Most of the people seen here had previously been deported to Lodz from central Europe. Lodz, Poland, January–April 1942.
German police raid a vandalized Jewish home in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1942.
Jews from the Lodz ghetto are forced to transfer to a narrow-gauge railroad at Kolo during deportation to the Chelmno killing center. Kolo, Poland, probably 1942.
The motto of Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Lodz ghetto Jewish council: "Our only path [to survival] is [through] work." Lodz, Poland, wartime.
Jewish women at forced labor in a sewing workshop in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, between 1940 and 1944.
"Gypsy camp" area in the Lodz ghetto. Roma (Gypsies) were confined in a segregated block of buildings. Poland, 1941–44.
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