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July 16, 1936. On this date, German authorities order the roundup of Roma and Sinti in Berlin, confining them in a new camp in the Marzahn suburb.
December 08, 1938. On this date, Himmler orders that Nazi Germany’s policies regarding Roma and Sinti should be developed according to Nazi racial principles.
December 16, 1942. On this date, Heinrich Himmler issues an order that Roma and Sinti are to be deported to Auschwitz.
Listen to excerpts from oral testimonies to learn from survivors themselves about their individuals experiences, actions, and choices.
The International Military Tribunal (IMT) opened in Nuremberg within months of Germany’s surrender. Learn about the judges, defendants, charges, and legacies.
Roma (Gypsies) were persecuted in Europe before and during World War II. This history is well documented in archives throughout Europe and the United States. Learn more.
At the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, Allied leaders negotiated terms for the end of WWII in Europe. This included establishing Poland’s new postwar borders. Learn more.
September 1, 1939. On this date, Germany invaded Poland and initiated World War II in Europe.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, beginning World War II. Quickly overrunning Polish border defenses, German forces advanced towards Warsaw, the Polish capital city. This footage from German newsreels shows German forces in action during the invasion of Poland. Warsaw surrendered on September 28, 1939.
The German-Soviet Pact of August 1939 included a nonaggression pact whereby Germany and the Soviet Union promised not to attack one another for 10 years. Germany was thus able to invade Poland on September 1, 1939, without fear of Soviet intervention. In accordance with secret provisions of the pact, Poland was partitioned between Germany and the Soviet Union. Soviet forces occupied eastern Poland. In this footage, German and Soviet forces meet along the Bug River in central Poland. Less than two years…
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