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  • Mir

    Article

    The Mir ghetto was established in Mir, Poland in 1941. Learn more about life and resistance in the ghetto.

    Tags: ghettos occupied Poland Mir
    Mir

  • Jewish women at forced labor

    Photo

    Jewish women deported from Bremen, Germany, are forced to dig a trench at the train station. Minsk, Soviet Union, 1941. (Source record ID: E9 NW 33/IV/2)

    Tags: forced labor women
    Jewish women at forced labor

  • Nazi Rule

    Article

    After they rose to power in 1933, Hitler and the Nazis eliminated democratic freedoms and took control of all aspects of public life in Germany. Learn more.

    Tags: Nazi rise to power Third Reich synchronization culture
    Nazi Rule

  • "Kristallnacht": nationwide pogrom

    Map

    Kristallnacht—literally, "Crystal Night"—is usually translated from German as the "Night of Broken Glass." It refers to the violent anti-Jewish pogrom of November 9 and 10, 1938. The pogrom occurred throughout Germany, which by then included both Austria and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. Hundreds of synagogues and Jewish institutions all over the German Reich were attacked, vandalized, looted, and destroyed. Many were set ablaze. Firemen were instructed to let the synagogues burn but to…

    Tags: Kristallnacht Germany synagogues pogroms
    "Kristallnacht": nationwide pogrom

  • Father Jacques

    Article

    Father Jacques (Lucien Bunel) provided refuge to Jews and others at a school in Avon, France. Imprisoned in several Nazi camps for his activities, he died soon after liberation.

    Tags: rescuers France clergy Righteous Among the Nations schools
    Father Jacques

  • Bremen-Farge

    Article

    Learn more about Bremen-Farge, a subcamp of Neuengamme where the majority of prisoners were used to construct an underground U-boat shipyard for the German navy.

    Tags: camps Germany subcamps Neuengamme
    Bremen-Farge

  • Berlin-Marzahn (camp for Roma)

    Article

    The Berlin-Marzahn camp was established a few miles from Berlin's city center, for the detention of Roma, on the eve of the 1936 summer Olympics.

    Tags: Roma Olympics Nazi camps Berlin
    Berlin-Marzahn (camp for Roma)

  • Lea Ofner-Szemere

    ID Card

    Lea was born in the city of Sombor in northeastern Yugoslavia. When she was 3 years old, her parents divorced and she moved to Vienna with her mother, who taught English and French to Austrian children. Lea enjoyed living in Vienna as a child. 1933-39: Lea returned to Sombor almost every year to visit her mother's relatives. There, she became reacquainted with her younger half-sister, Julia, and her older half-brother, Francis, and would miss them when she returned to Vienna. In 1938, the Germans annexed…

    Tags: Austria Hungary
    Lea Ofner-Szemere

  • Stanisławów

    Article

    Learn more about the history of Stanisławów during the Holocaust and World War II.

    Tags: Stanisławów occupied Poland

  • Abdol Hossein Sardari (1895–1981)

    Article

    Iranian diplomat Abdol Hossein Sardari gave critical assistance to Iranian Jews in occupied France (1940-1944) to protect them from Nazi persecution.

    Tags: rescuers diplomats

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