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  • Order Police Battalion 101

    Photo

    German Order Police officers inspect members of Police Battalion 101 in Lodz after the German occupation of Poland, 1939–1943.

    Order Police Battalion 101
  • Prewar photo of the extended Kracowski family

    Photo

    The Kracowski family was living in Bialystok when German Order Police Battalion 309 killed 2,000-3,000 Jews on June 27, 1941. Dr. Samuel Kracowski was among the hundreds of Jews locked in the Great Synagogue and burned alive. After the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in Bialystok, Samuel's wife, Esther, and children, Ewa and Julek, were given a room in the ghetto clinic. Photo dated September 1, 1935. Samuel and Esther are seated in the center, with Julek seated in the front row on the…

    Prewar photo of the extended Kracowski family
  • German Order Police Battalion 101

    Photo

    A member of the German Order Police Battalion 101 stands next to a sign marking the entrance to the Lodz ghetto in German-occupied Poland, 1940–1941. The German text of the sign reads: "Announcement: In accordance with a police order of February 8, 1940, all Germans and Poles are forbidden entry into the ghetto area."

    German Order Police Battalion 101
  • Manzanar

    Photo

    Manzanar relocation center for Japanese Americans, photographed by Ansel Adams. Bird's-eye view of the grounds from the guard tower.

    Manzanar
  • Refugee camp in Zbaszyn

    Photo

    View of Zbaszyn, the site of a refugee camp for Jews of Polish nationality who were expelled from Germany.  The Jewish refugees, hungry and cold, were stranded on the border, denied admission into Poland after their expulsion from Germany. Photograph taken between October 28, 1938, and August 1939.  Warsaw-based historian, political activist, and social welfare worker Emanuel Ringelblum spent five weeks in Zbaszyn, organizing assistance for the refugees trapped on the border.

    Tags: refugees
    Refugee camp in Zbaszyn
  • View of the refugee camp in Zbaszyn

    Photo

    View of the flour mill in Zbaszyn, which served as a refugee camp for Jews expelled from Germany. The Jewish refugees, hungry and cold, were stranded on the border, denied admission into Poland after their explusion from Germany. Photograph taken between October 28, 1938, and August 1939.  Warsaw-based historian, political activist, and social welfare worker Emanuel Ringelblum spent five weeks in Zbaszyn, organizing assistance for the refugees trapped on the border.

    Tags: refugees
    View of the refugee camp in Zbaszyn
  • Group portrait of Jews expelled to Zbaszyn

    Photo

    November 1938 group portrait of Jews of Polish nationality who were expelled from Nuremberg, Germany, to the Polish border town of Zbaszyn. The Jewish refugees were stranded on the border and were denied admission into Poland after their explusion from Germany.Pictured from left to right are: Leo Fallmann; Rosa Fallmann; Mr. Auerbach; Mr. Zahn; unknown; unknown; Chaim Kupfermann; Anni Kupfermann; Simon Wassermann; unknown; Regina Holzer; and Bertha Holzer.  

    Tags: refugees
    Group portrait of Jews expelled to Zbaszyn
  • Theo Markus Verderber

    Photo

    Theo Markus Verderber's mother, Gelle, was among the Jews of Polish nationality expelled from Germany in October 1938.  Theo and his younger brother were born in Germany, but went with their mother to a refugee camp in the border town of Zbaszyn. Hungry and cold, the refugees were stranded on the border, unwelcome in either Germany or Poland.  Theo was ultimately chosen to join a Kindertransport to England, arriving there in February 1939. His mother, sister and youngest brother remained in…

    Theo Markus Verderber
  • Arrival at Auschwitz

    Photo

    Jews from Subcarpathian Rus get off the deportation train and assemble on the ramp at the Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center in occupied Poland. May 1944. 

    Arrival at Auschwitz
  • Signing of the German-Soviet Pact

    Photo

    Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov signs the German-Soviet Pact. Joachim von Ribbentrop and Josef Stalin stand behind him, Moscow, Soviet Union, August 23. 1939. 

    Tags: World War II
    Signing of the German-Soviet Pact

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