![Deportation from the Kovno ghetto to forced-labor camps in Estonia. [LCID: 81078]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/98bf03a2-f24c-4e4e-98c0-d50bf33c51a2.jpg)
The terms “Baltic countries” or “Baltic states” refer to Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries were occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and then by Nazi Germany in 1941. Explore resources related to the Baltic countries and their Jewish populations during the Holocaust and World War II.
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![At the Klooga concentration camp, Soviet soldiers examine the bodies of victims left by the retreating Germans. [LCID: 87679]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/be2a3926-b86e-4593-9761-6c5eab822d41.jpg)