Inmates at forced labor in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Germany, between 1940 and 1942.
Item View![Children forced laborers in a carpentry shop. Kovno ghetto, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944. [LCID: 81180]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/21c4b49a-a3f7-42f7-833d-a86acc7f4419.jpeg "Children forced laborers in a carpentry shop. Kovno ghetto, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944. [LCID: 81180]")
Children forced laborers in a carpentry shop. Kovno ghetto, Lithuania, between 1941 and 1944.
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Jewish women sort confiscated clothing in the Lodz ghetto. Photograph taken by Mendel Grossman between 1941 and 1944.
Mendel Grossman photograph collection
Item View![Jewish forced laborers at work in a leather refining factory. [LCID: 80403]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/db843afb-6b63-46fd-b9da-83ac589089e1.jpg "Jewish forced laborers at work in a leather refining factory. [LCID: 80403]")
Jewish forced laborers at work in a leather refining factory. Lodz ghetto, Poland, between 1941 and 1944.
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Jewish forced laborers at work making shoes in a ghetto workshop. Kovno, Lithuania, December 1943.
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Prisoners at forced labor in the Siemens factory. Auschwitz camp, Poland, 1940–44.
Item View![Slovak Jewish men work at road building in a forced-labor camp. [LCID: 77939]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/817f2163-76df-4281-bbf1-14ce57c50962.jpg "Slovak Jewish men work at road building in a forced-labor camp. [LCID: 77939]")
Jews from a Slovak labor battalion working at road building. Slovakia, December 1941.
![Jewish forced laborers in the quarry of a forced-labor camp established by the Hungarian government. [LCID: 68641]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/61a8d7e3-4d31-4f64-996f-04e4d810ff0f.jpg "Jewish forced laborers in the quarry of a forced-labor camp established by the Hungarian government. [LCID: 68641]")
Jewish forced laborers in the quarry of a forced-labor camp established by the Hungarian government. Tokaj, Hungary, 1940.
Item View![Forced-labor detachment of Jewish prisoners of war from the Polish army. [LCID: 48042]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/50b8d880-8d91-4c88-b4aa-6e88f2ccf4fe.jpg "Forced-labor detachment of Jewish prisoners of war from the Polish army. [LCID: 48042]")
Forced-labor detachment of Jewish prisoners of war from the Polish army. Magdeburg, Germany, 1940.
Item View![Returning from work in a stone quarry, forced laborers carry stones more than six miles to the Buchenwald concentration camp. [LCID: 19087]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/8f5a09b1-1eba-4de8-8de9-5c01fb6ecc78.jpg "Returning from work in a stone quarry, forced laborers carry stones more than six miles to the Buchenwald concentration camp. [LCID: 19087]")
Returning from work in a stone quarry, forced laborers carry stones more than six miles to the Buchenwald concentration camp. Germany, date uncertain.
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A column of Jewish forced laborers. Sarospatok, Hungary, 1941.
Item View!["Ostarbeiter" (eastern workers) were mostly eastern European women brought to Germany for forced labor. [LCID: 85581]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/1e520a97-37c3-4be6-8938-95e98a940a69.jpg "\"Ostarbeiter\" (eastern workers) were mostly eastern European women brought to Germany for forced labor. [LCID: 85581]")
"Ostarbeiter" (eastern workers) were mostly eastern European women brought to Germany for forced labor. They wore an "OST" identification patch (lower center of photograph) Germany, after 1942.
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![A Jewish man and child at forced labor in a factory in the Lodz ghetto. [LCID: 74343]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/thumb/2e0f6cba-0f78-46a2-a66e-ba39ee3a4db9.jpeg)