The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. It falsely purports to be the record of secret meetings of Jewish leaders who were plotting to take over the world. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion has been discredited, but continues to circulate today.
!['A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion' opened in the Gonda Education Center at the United States Holocaust Memorial ... [LCID: prot1]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/2aa2e00c-57f3-4db0-9138-94540d26bb80.jpg "'A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion' opened in the Gonda Education Center at the United States Holocaust Memorial ... [LCID: prot1]")
Panel from the exhibition A Dangerous Lie: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was on display at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from 2006–18. The exhibition explored the continuing impact of the most widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times.
Item View![This 2005 Syrian edition of the Protocols claims that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were orchestrated by a Zionist ... [LCID: p0010]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/beef8f36-b71e-43cf-87f5-0813b81b3c26.jpg "This 2005 Syrian edition of the Protocols claims that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were orchestrated by a Zionist ... [LCID: p0010]")
This 2005 Syrian edition of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion claims that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, were orchestrated by a Zionist conspiracy. The final chapter predicts the eventual destruction of the State of Israel. Published in Damascus, Syria, 2005. Gift of the Embassy of Israel.
Item View![This Arabic translation of the Protocols by Ajaj Nuwayid also has appeared on a Web site sponsored by the Palestinian State Information ... [LCID: p0009]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9732b352-3387-4b03-81ac-3f25e4bf71a0.jpg "This Arabic translation of the Protocols by Ajaj Nuwayid also has appeared on a Web site sponsored by the Palestinian State Information ... [LCID: p0009]")
This Arabic translation of the Protocols by Ajaj Nuwayid also has appeared on a website sponsored by the Palestinian State Information Service. Published in Beirut, Lebanon, 1996.
Item View![King Faisal of Saudi Arabia regularly presented copies of this edition of the Protocols to state visitors during the early 1970s. [LCID: p0008]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/c96925dc-bf1a-4d27-bda5-f692c4914996.jpg "King Faisal of Saudi Arabia regularly presented copies of this edition of the Protocols to state visitors during the early 1970s. [LCID: p0008]")
King Faisal of Saudi Arabia regularly presented copies of this edition of the Protocols to state visitors during the early 1970s. Published in Karachi, Pakistan, 1969. Courtesy of Hassan Mneimneh.
Item View![Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols (this copy is the fourth edition) reinforced Nazi anti-Jewish ideology. [LCID: p0007]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/8b8f6b09-d249-4dc8-be7d-947e4bea67d4.jpg "Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols (this copy is the fourth edition) reinforced Nazi anti-Jewish ideology. [LCID: p0007]")
Alfred Rosenberg's 1923 commentary on the Protocols reinforced Nazi anti-Jewish ideology. This is the fourth edition. Published in Munich, 1933.
Item View![New York Herald reporter Herman Bernstein declared the Protocols “a cruel and terrible lie invented for the purpose of defaming ... [LCID: p0006]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/1159d442-0822-4d47-a342-5c8671f1e64b.jpg "New York Herald reporter Herman Bernstein declared the Protocols “a cruel and terrible lie invented for the purpose of defaming ... [LCID: p0006]")
New York Herald reporter Herman Bernstein declared the Protocols “a cruel and terrible lie invented for the purpose of defaming the entire Jewish people.” Published in New York, 1921, reprinted 1928.
Item View![By 1922, The International Jew was already in its 21st printing in Germany. [LCID: p0005]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a7b0b02d-f949-4d84-898e-310f7b5423a3.jpg "By 1922, The International Jew was already in its 21st printing in Germany. [LCID: p0005]")
By 1922, The International Jew was already in its 21st printing in Germany. The edition shown here was published in Leipzig in 1922.
Item View![The International Jew, based largely on the Protocols, sold more than 500,000 copies and was translated into at least 16 languages. [LCID: p0004]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/df606c53-4d91-477e-895a-b95330bdbb66.jpg "The International Jew, based largely on the Protocols, sold more than 500,000 copies and was translated into at least 16 languages. [LCID: p0004]")
The International Jew, based largely on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, sold more than 500,000 copies and was translated into at least 16 languages. Published in Dearborn, Michigan, United States, 1920.
Item View![Published in London, 1920. [LCID: p0003]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/a83d93b7-7bad-4419-bbb0-2bb4367fa1ef.jpg "Published in London, 1920. [LCID: p0003]")
Cover of The Jewish Peril: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, published in London, 1920.
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most notorious and widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. Its lies about Jews, which have been repeatedly discredited, continue to circulate today, especially on the Internet.
Item View![Like many editions of the Protocols published in the 1920s, this French-language version charges that Jews are a foreign and dangerous ... [LCID: p0002]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/9ca8c04f-617f-4380-9b37-1b890380aa56.jpg "Like many editions of the Protocols published in the 1920s, this French-language version charges that Jews are a foreign and dangerous ... [LCID: p0002]")
Like many editions of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion published in the 1920s, this French-language version charges that Jews are a foreign and dangerous influence. Published in Paris, 1920.
Item View![The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion is the first documented version of the Protocols published outside of Russia. [LCID: p0001]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/0b3ef9e3-c6d2-4c4f-a5ff-a926aafa8a75.jpg "The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion is the first documented version of the Protocols published outside of Russia. [LCID: p0001]")
The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion is the first documented version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion published outside of Russia. Published in Charlottenburg, Germany, 1920.
Item View![The Museum's exhibition demonstrates how the Nazis used the 'Protocols' to spread hatred of Jews. [LCID: prot2]](https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/images/large/73cb1457-4d21-453a-a734-bcd752ab73dd.jpg "The Museum's exhibition demonstrates how the Nazis used the 'Protocols' to spread hatred of Jews. [LCID: prot2]")
An exhibition at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum demonstrated how the Nazis used the Protocols of the Elders of Zion to spread hatred of Jews. Washington, D.C., 2006-2018.
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