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March 3-20, 1941. During these dates, German authorities announced, established, and sealed the Krakow ghetto.
Entrance to the Riga ghetto. Riga, Latvia, 1941–43. During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of separating, persecuting, and ultimately destroying Europe's Jews.
Deportation from the Kovno ghetto to forced-labor camps in Estonia. Kovno, Lithuania, October 1943.
A meeting of the Kovno ghetto Jewish council. Chairman Elchanan Elkes sits at the center. Kovno, Lithuania, 1943.
An elderly Jewish woman wears the compulsory yellow badge in the Riga ghetto. Latvia, between 1941 and 1944.
"Gypsy camp" area in the Lodz ghetto. Roma (Gypsies) were confined in a segregated block of buildings. Poland, 1941–44.
Deportation of Jews from the Lodz ghetto. Poland, August 1944.
March 13-16, 1943. On this date, SS and police authorities liquidated the Krakow ghetto.
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