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  • An Armenian refugee

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    An Armenian refugee, wearing a scarf and a pack on her back. Ottoman Empire, 1918-20. Sometimes called the first genocide of the twentieth century, the Armenian genocide refers to the physical annihilation of Armenian Christian people living in the Ottoman Empire from spring 1915 through autumn 1916. There were approximately 1.5 million Armenians living in the multiethnic Ottoman Empire in 1915. At least 664,000 and possibly as many as 1.2 million died during the genocide, either in massacres and…

    An Armenian refugee
  • Armenian deportees

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    A small group of Armenian deportees walking through the Taurus Mountain region, carrying bundles. A woman in the foreground carries a child. Ottoman Empire, ca. November 1915. Photograph taken by Armin T. Wegner. Wegner served as a nurse with the German Sanitary Corps. In 1915 and 1916, Wegner traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire and documented atrocities carried out against the Armenians. [Courtesy of Sybil Stevens (daughter of Armin T. Wegner). Wegner Collection, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach…

    Armenian deportees
  • Armenian families in a refugee camp

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    Armenian families next to makeshift tents in a refugee camp. Ottoman Empire, 1915-16.Photograph taken by Armin T. Wegner. Wegner served as a nurse with the German Sanitary Corps. In 1915 and 1916, Wegner traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire and documented atrocities carried out against the Armenians. [Courtesy of Sybil Stevens (daughter of Armin T. Wegner). Wegner Collection, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach & United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.]

    Armenian families in a refugee camp
  • Armenian refugees

    Photo

    A group of Armenian refugees. 1915-20. Sometimes called the first genocide of the twentieth century, the Armenian genocide refers to the physical annihilation of Armenian Christian people living in the Ottoman Empire from spring 1915 through autumn 1916. There were approximately 1.5 million Armenians living in the multiethnic Ottoman Empire in 1915. At least 664,000 and possibly as many as 1.2 million died during the genocide, either in massacres and individual killings, or from systematic ill treatment,…

    Armenian refugees
  • Armenian refugees in the desert

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    Armenian refugees in the desert. A man in the foreground lies on the ground on a layer of bedding. 1915-20.

    Armenian refugees in the desert
  • Armenian refugees

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    Armenian refugees. Ottoman Empire, 1918-20.

    Armenian refugees
  • Armenian refugee children

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    A group of 1,500 Armenian children at a refugee camp of the Near East Relief organization in Alexandroupolis. Greece, 1921–22.

    Armenian refugee children
  • Armenian refugees

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    Refugees foraging at Alexandropol, Russian Armenia. Photograph taken by John Elder. In 1917, Elder, a divinity student from Pennsylvania, joined the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief team that was aiding refugees. For two years, Elder did volunteer work with Armenian orphans. During that time, he photographed refugees and conditions at camps.

    Armenian refugees
  • Père Jacques de Jésus (born Lucien Bunel)

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    Père Jacques de Jésus (born Lucien Bunel) was a Carmelite headmaster of a Catholic boys school in Avon, France. Angered at Nazi policies, he made his school a refuge for young men seeking to avoid forced labor and for Jews. On January 15, 1944, the Gestapo raided the school, seizing Père Jacques and three Jewish children. The boys were deported to Auschwitz and killed. Père Jacques, sent to various concentration camps, died shortly after liberation.

    Père Jacques de Jésus (born Lucien Bunel)
  • The title page of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler

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    The title page of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler. This copy has an inscription by Hitler on the inside cover (not shown) that reads "To the Newlyweds with best wishes for a happy and blessed marriage." Munich, Germany, 1941.

    The title page of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler

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