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The Germans established the Drancy camp in France in August 1941. Drancy later became the major transit camp for the deportations of Jews from France. Fewer than 2,000 of the almost 65,000 Jews deported from the Dranc...
Westerbork was located in the Netherlands, which Germany had invaded in 1940. From 1942 to 1944, it served as a transit camp for Jews before they were deported to killing centers. During those two years, the Germans deported 97,776 Jews from Weste...
From 1942 to 1944, Westerbork served as a transit camp for Jews before they were deported to the killing centers.
Westerbork was located in the Netherlands, which Germany had invaded in 1940. From 1942 to 1944, it served as a transit camp for Jews before they were deported to killing centers.Learn about Holocaust survivors' experiences in Westerbork.&n...
The Germans established Jewish Councils (Judenraete) in the ghettos during World War II. Jewish Councils were required to implement Nazi policies in the ghettos. This role meant impossible moral dilemmas. Council members had to decide whe...
Janowska was a forced labor camp for Jews in German-occupied Poland. It also served as a transit camp during the mass deportations of Polish Jews to the killing centers in 1942. Jews underwent a selection process in Janowska similar to that used a...
Almost 22,000 prisoners—more than 18,000 of them Jewish—passed through the Gurs camp in France. Living conditions in Gurs were overcrowded. Prisoners faced a constant shortage of water, food, and clothing. Many of the camp's Jewish prisoners were...
Almost 22,000 prisoners—more than 18,000 of them Jewish—passed through the Gurs camp in France. Living conditions in Gurs were overcrowded. Prisoners faced a constant shortage of water, food, and clothing. Many of the camp's Jewish prisoners were...
The Płaszów camp was established in 1942 under the authority of the SS and police leaders in Krakow (Cracow). Płaszów was initially a forced-labor camp for Jews, but became a concentration camp in 1944. The largest...
The Płaszów camp was established in 1942 under the authority of the SS and police leaders in Krakow (Cracow). Płaszów was initially a forced-labor camp for Jews, but became a concentration camp in 1944. The largest number of people confined there...
Located in eastern France, the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was one of the smaller camps built by the Germans. From May 1941 to March 1945, between 19,000 and 20,000 people were murdered in the Natzweiler-Struthof camp system.
Before World War II, Salonika had the largest Jewish community in Greece. In April 1941, Germany occupied parts of Greece, including Salonika. Between 1941 and 1943, Salonika's Jewish community was destroyed. More t...
Breendonk was an internment camp in German-occupied Belgium. The site had originally been built in the early twentieth century to serve as a Belgian fortress. After Germany conquered Belgium in May 1940, the Germans turned Breendonk into an internme...
In the summer of 1942, the Germans made preparations to deport the Jews of Belgium. They converted military barracks in the city of Mechelen into a transit camp. Between August 4, 1942, and July 31, 1944, a total of 28 trains carrying 25,257 Jews left Mechelen for German-occupied Poland; most of them went to Auschwitz-Birkenau. This figure represented more than half of the Belgian Jews murdered during the Holocaust.
Between 1943 and 1945, a group of Jewish men and women from Palestine parachuted into German-occupied Europe. The 32 parachutists had volunteered with the British army and were sent on rescue and resistance missions. The Germans captured 12 of the...
Gross-Rosen became an independent concentration camp in 1941. The camp eventually expanded to become the center of an industrial complex and to include a vast network of at least 97 subcamps.
It is estimated that of the 120,000 prisoners who passed through the Gross-Rosen camp system, at least 40,000 died either in the camp or during its evacuation. These ID cards and testimonies describe the experiences of individuals who were imprisoned in Gross-Rosen.
Germany occupied the Polish city of Tarnow in 1939. Deportations from Tarnow began in June 1942, first to the Belzec killing center. Following the June deportations, the Germans forced the surviving Jews in Tarnow, as well as Jews from nearby town...
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