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March on Rome
PhotoFascist supporters during the "March on Rome," after which Fascist leader Benito Mussolini was appointed Italian Prime Minister. Italy, October 1922.
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A German soldier stands on a toppled Polish monument
PhotoA German soldier stands on a toppled Polish monument. Krakow, Poland, 1940. This statue commemorated the Polish victory at Grunwald over the Teutonic knights in 1410. In accordance with the plans of German occupation authorities in Poland, all physical symbols of Polish national culture were to be obliterated to make way for the "Germanization" of the country.
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A group of children assembled for deportation to Chelmno
PhotoA group of children assembled for deportation to Chelmno. During the roundup known as the "Gehsperre" Aktion, the elderly, infirm, and children were rounded up for deportation. Lodz, Poland, September 5-12, 1942.
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German police round up Jews
PhotoGerman police round up Jews and load them onto trucks in the Ciechanow ghetto. Ciechanow, Poland, 1941-1942.
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Containers of Zyklon B
PhotoContainers of Zyklon B poison gas pellets found at the Majdanek camp after liberation. Poland, after July 22, 1944.
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1915 portrait of Willem Arondeus
PhotoA 1915 portrait of Willem Arondeus. During World War II, Arondeus, a gay member of the Dutch resistance, participated in an attack on the Amsterdam Population Registry offices. His group set fire to several thousand files in an attempt to destroy government records of Jews and others sought by the Nazis. Soon after the attack, his unit was betrayed. The Nazis arrested and executed Arondeus in 1943. Blaricum, the Netherlands, 1915.
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Passover seder
PhotoA large family group celebrates the Passover seder. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1938-1939.
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Memorial service in Warsaw
PhotoAdolf Berman speaks at a memorial service commemorating the Warsaw ghetto uprising. The building in the background, destroyed during the 1943 uprising, held the office of the Jewish council. Warsaw, Poland, 1945. During the German occupation, Berman was active in the Jewish underground and played a leadership role in the Council for Aid to Jews, known as Zegota.
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A classroom in a public school in Hamburg
PhotoFirst grade pupils, both Jewish and non-Jewish, study in a classroom in a public school in Hamburg. Germany, June 1933.
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Prewar photograph of Berta and Inge Engelhard in Munich
PhotoPrewar family photograph of Berta and Inge Engelhard holding pigeons in a public square in Munich. Photograph taken in Munich, Germany, 1937. Following increased anti-Jewish measures, Berta and brother Theo (not pictured here) left Germany on a Kindertransport in January 1939. Inge followed on a different transport a few months later. While the siblings were eventually housed together in England, they faced many challenges during the war including the pain of separation from their parents. Parents Moshe…
