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  • Dutch Seventh-day Adventist Johan Weidner

    Photo

    Dutch Seventh-day Adventist Johan Weidner headed the rescue organization "Dutch-Paris," which smuggled Jewish refugees into Switzerland and Spain. France, ca. 1940.

    Dutch Seventh-day Adventist Johan Weidner
  • Escaping though the Pyrenees

    Photo

    Jewish refugees from France and the Netherlands make their way from France into Spain through a pass in the Pyrenees mountain range. They are being rescued by "Dutch-Paris," an organization created by Seventh-day Adventist Johan Weidner. Ca. 1940.

    Escaping though the Pyrenees
  • Portrait of the Rosenblat family in interwar Poland

    Photo

    Portrait of the Rosenblat family in interwar Poland. Photographed are: (back row from left to right) Elya, Jozef (father), and Itzik Rosenblat. Sitting from left to right are: Herschel, Deena (wife of Elya), Hannah (mother), and Taube Rosenblat (wife of Itzik). In 1941, a mobile killing unit killed Herschel in Slonim, Poland. Of the others, only Itzik and Deena survived deportation from the ghetto in Radom, Poland.

    Portrait of the Rosenblat family in interwar Poland
  • Portrait of David Aruti, son of Isak Aruti

    Photo

    Portrait of David Aruti, son of Isak Aruti. He was a merchant and lived at Zvornitska 26 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of David Aruti, son of Isak Aruti
  • Portrait of Victoria and Isak Assael

    Photo

    Portrait of Victoria and Isak Assael, the daughter and son of Shabetai Assael. They were students and lived at Sremska 9 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.  

    Portrait of Victoria and Isak Assael
  • Portrait of Hana Ergas

    Photo

    Portrait of Hana Ergas, wife of Isak Ergas. She lived at Zmayeva 20 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Hana Ergas
  • Portrait of Buena Eschkenasi

    Photo

    Portrait of Buena Eschkenasi, daughter of Bohor Eschkenasi. She lived at Zmayeva 10 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Buena Eschkenasi
  • Portrait of Yosef Eschkenasi and his wife, Sara

    Photo

    Portrait of Yosef Eschkenasi and his wife, Sara. Yosef was a laborer. They lived at Zmayeva 10 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Yosef Eschkenasi and his wife, Sara
  • Portrait of Ester Eschkenasi

    Photo

    Portrait of Ester Eschkenasi, wife of Sava Eschkenasi. She lived at Karagoryeva 91 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Ester Eschkenasi
  • Portrait of Sara Israel

    Photo

    Portrait of Sara Israel, wife of Isak Israel. She lived at Krstitsa 10 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Sara Israel
  • Portrait of Lazar Ischach

    Photo

    Portrait of Lazar Ischach, son of Yosef Ischach. He was a grocer and lived at Drinska 77 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Lazar Ischach
  • Portrait of Sara Ischach

    Photo

    Portrait of Sara Ischach, wife of Lazar Ischach. She lived at Drinksa 77 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Sara Ischach
  • Portrait of Solomon Kalderon

    Photo

    Portrait of Solomon Kalderon, son of Bohor Kalderon. He was a tailor and lived at Karagoryeva 67 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Solomon Kalderon
  • Portrait of Vida Kalderon

    Photo

    Portrait of Vida Kalderon, wife of Yakov Kalderon. She lived at Orisarska 2 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Vida Kalderon
  • Portrait of Palomba Kalderon

    Photo

    Portrait of Palomba Kalderon, daughter of Mushon Kalderon. She was a student and lived at Dalmatinska 65 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Palomba Kalderon
  • Portrait of David Kamchi and his wife Sara

    Photo

    Portrait of David Kamchi, son of Masliach Kamchi, and his wife Sara. They lived at Gostivarska 3 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of David Kamchi and his wife Sara
  • Portrait of David Pesso

    Photo

    Portrait of David Pesso. He was a dealer of second-hand items. He lived at Novatska 4 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of David Pesso
  • Portrait of Estreya Kolonomos

    Photo

    Portrait of Estreya Kolonomos, wife of Isak Kolonomos. She lived at Novatska 23 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Estreya Kolonomos
  • Portrait of an unidentified family in Bitola

    Photo

    Portrait of an unidentified family of eight adults and three children in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of an unidentified family in Bitola
  • Portrait of Mordechai Mishulam

    Photo

    Portrait of Mordechai Mishulam. He was a dealer of second-hand items. He lived at Zmayeva 23 in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Mordechai Mishulam
  • Portrait of Leon Pardo

    Photo

    Portrait of Leon Pardo. He lived on Sremska in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Leon Pardo
  • Portrait of the family of Bohor Kalderon

    Photo

    Portrait of the family of Bohor Kalderon. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of the family of Bohor Kalderon
  • Portrait of Yakov Testa with his wife and three children

    Photo

    Portrait of Yakov Testa with wife and three children in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Yakov Testa with his wife and three children
  • Portrait of two schoolchildren, Solomon Faradji and Sami Levi

    Photo

    Portrait of two schoolchildren: Solomon Faradji, son of Avram Faradji, and Sami Levi, son of Rafael Levi. Solomon lived at Karagoryeva 113, and Sami lived at Karagoryeva 105, in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of two schoolchildren, Solomon Faradji and Sami Levi
  • Portrait of Rabbi S. Djain

    Photo

    Portrait of Rabbi S. Djain, taken in Bitola. This photograph was one of the individual and family portraits of members of the Jewish community of Bitola, Macedonia, used by Bulgarian occupation authorities to register the Jewish population prior to its deportation in March 1943.

    Portrait of Rabbi S. Djain
  • Two Jewish girls dressed in traditional Macedonian costume

    Photo

    Portrait of two Jewish girls dressed in traditional Macedonian costume in a private home in Bitola. Pictured are Matilda Kamchi (or Camhi, left) and a friend. Both perished in Treblinka. Bitola, 1937.

    Two Jewish girls dressed in traditional Macedonian costume
  • Kamchi family portrait

    Photo

    Portrait of the family of Mushon and Rebeka Kamchi in Bitola. Isak Kamchi is pictured in the front row at the right. Isak was born in Bitola. Several of his siblings and cousins left Macedonia for Palestine and North America before the war. During World War II, Isak served as the leader of a partisan unit operating in Croatia. He established a safehouse at his parent's home in Zagreb where partisans could rest and recuperate. His mother ran the safehouse, cooking for the men and nursing them back to…

    Kamchi family portrait
  • Portrait of Stella Nahmiyas

    Photo

    Portrait of Stella Nahmiyas in her school cap. Bitola, ca. 1940.

    Portrait of Stella Nahmiyas
  • Soccer team in Bitola

    Photo

    Members of a soccer team in Bitola pose in the goal of a sports field. August 14, 1928.

    Soccer team in Bitola
  • Macedonian Jewish youth pose with their band instruments

    Photo

    A group of Macedonian Jewish youth, members of a band, pose with their instruments on a makeshift stage in Bitola. September 18, 1930.

    Macedonian Jewish youth pose with their band instruments
  • Schoolchildren in Bitola

    Photo

    Group portrait of children holding their diplomas at a school in Bitola. Between 1925 and 1938.

    Schoolchildren in Bitola
  • Jews from Macedonia before deportation

    Photo

    Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia who were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje before deportation to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943. The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The…

    Jews from Macedonia before deportation
  • Jews load a barrel of water onto a deportation train in Skopje

    Photo

    Jews load a barrel of water onto a deportation train in Skopje. In March 1943, Jews of Macedonia were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, where several building had been converted into a transit camp. Bulgarian occupation authorities deported them by train to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.

    Jews load a barrel of water onto a deportation train in Skopje
  • Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia before deportation

    Photo

    Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia interned at the "Monopol" tobacco factory, used as a transit camp, before deportation to the Treblinka killing center. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.

    Jews from Bulgarian-occupied Macedonia before deportation
  • Deportation of Macedonian Jews

    Photo

    A family of Macedonian Jews carries their luggage down a flight of stairs as they leave the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp for the deportation trains. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943.

    Tags: deportations
    Deportation of Macedonian Jews
  • Macedonian Jews leave the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje for the deportation trains

    Photo

    Macedonian Jews leave the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje for the deportation trains. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943. The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days, before being…

    Macedonian Jews leave the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje for the deportation trains
  • A family of Macedonian Jews before deportation

    Photo

    A family of Macedonian Jews in the Tobacco Monopoly transit camp in Skopje before deportation. Skopje, Yugoslavia, March 1943. The Jews of Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were deported in March 1943. On March 11, 1943, over 7,000 Macedonian Jews from Skopje, Bitola, and Stip were rounded up and assembled at the Tobacco Monopoly in Skopje, whose several buildings had been hastily converted into a transit camp. The Macedonian Jews were kept there between eleven and eighteen days,…

    A family of Macedonian Jews before deportation
  • Children costumes for Purim costumes

    Photo

    Group portrait of children dressed in Purim costumes. Danzig, 1930-1939.

    Children costumes for Purim costumes
  • Purim portrait of a kindergarten class

    Photo

    Purim portrait of a kindergarten class at the Reali Hebrew gymnasium. Kovno, Lithuania, March 5, 1939.

    Purim portrait of a kindergarten class
  • Alice and Heinrich Muller in costume for Purim

    Photo

    Alice and Heinrich Muller pose for a photograph while in costume for the Purim holiday. Hlohovec, Czechoslovakia, ca. 1934–35.

    Alice and Heinrich Muller in costume for Purim
  • Group portrait of students dressed in for Purim

    Photo

    Group portrait of students at the Beis Yaakov religious school for girls dressed in costumes to celebrate the holiday of Purim. Kolbuszowa, Poland, March 1938.

    Group portrait of students dressed in for Purim
  • Tom and Wolf Stein in costumes for Purim

    Photo

    Tom (left) and Wolf Stein (right), dressed in Turkish-style costumes, attend a party celebrating the Jewish holiday of Purim. Hamburg, Germany, 1936.

    Tom and Wolf Stein in costumes for Purim
  • Celebrating Purim

    Photo

    Members of the Chug Ivri (Hebrew Club) in Berlin celebrate Purim with food and song. On the wall is an advertisement for Juedische Rundschau, the newspaper of the German Zionist movement. Berlin, Germany, 1935.

    Celebrating Purim
  • Celebrating Purim in Berlin

    Photo

    Members of Chug Ivri (Hebrew Club) of Berlin celebrate Purim. While the man in the tallis (prayer shawl) chants the story of Purim from the scroll, a young boy stands ready to use his grogger (noisemaker) to drown out the recitation of the name of Haman, the villain of the story. Berlin, Germany, 1935.

    Celebrating Purim in Berlin
  • Festive meal in celebration of Purim

    Photo

    Members of the Chug Ivri (Hebrew Club) in Berlin enjoy a festive meal in celebration of Purim. Berlin, Germany, 1935.

    Festive meal in celebration of Purim
  • Footbridge that joined the two parts of the Lodz ghetto

    Photo

    The footbridge over Zgierska Street that joined the two parts of the Lodz ghetto. The street itself was not part of the ghetto. Leon Jakubowicz's model of the Lodz ghetto recreates, on a small scale, the physical appearance of the ghetto, creating the shape of the model to mimic the exact boundaries, streets, and buildings that had a major impact on daily life in the ghetto. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1941. During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of brutally separating,…

    Tags: ghettos art Lodz
    Footbridge that joined the two parts of the Lodz ghetto
  • Daniel and Laura Schwarzwald

    Photo

    Sophie's parents, Daniel and Laura Schwarzwald, pictured on a beach in Zaleszczyki, Poland, shortly after they were married. Poland, 1935.

    Daniel and Laura Schwarzwald
  • Selma Schwarzwald with her mother

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    Selma Schwarzwald with her mother, Laura, in Lvov, Poland, September 1938.

    Selma Schwarzwald with her mother
  • Documentation for a false identity

    Photo

    Document issued by the Regional Agricultural Mercantile Cooperative in Busko-Zdroj certifying that Bronislawa Tymejko (the false identity of Sophie Schwarzwald's mother, Laura Schwarzwald) was employed by the cooperative, dated November 1942.

    Tags: hiding
    Documentation for a false identity
  • Selma Schwarzwald in hiding as a Polish Catholic

    Photo

    Selma Schwarzwald poses outside while wearing her first communion dress. Selma lived in hiding as a Polish Catholic during the war. Busko-Zdroj, Poland, 1945.

    Selma Schwarzwald in hiding as a Polish Catholic

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