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The crematoria at Dachau concentration camp, soon after the liberation of the camp. Germany, after April 29, 1945.
Medical experiment performed at the Dachau concentration camp to determine altitudes at which German pilots could survive. Germany, 1942.
View of barracks after the liberation of Kaufering, a network of subsidiary camps of the Dachau concentration camp. Landsberg-Kaufering, Germany, April 29, 1945.
US soldiers view bodies of victims of Kaufering, a network of subsidiary camps of the Dachau concentration camp. Landsberg-Kaufering, Germany, April 30, 1945.
Survivors of the Ampfing subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp soon after liberation by US troops. Ampfing, Germany, May 4, 1945.
Camp survivors crowded in barracks at liberation. Dachau, Germany, April 29-May 1, 1945.
US soldiers discovered these boxcars loaded with dead prisoners outside the Dachau camp. Here, they force German boys—believed to be members of the Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend; HJ)—to view the atrocity. Dachau, Germany, April 30, 1945.
American soldiers finish their inspection of the Dachau camp's first crematorium. Dachau, Germany, November 18, 1945.
This multistory complex served as the Drancy transit camp. The overwhelming majority of Jews deported from France were held here prior to their deportation. Drancy, France, 1941–44.
Jewish prisoners arrive at the Drancy transit camp. France, 1942.
Buses waiting at the entrance to the Vélodrome d'Hiver, where almost 13,000 Jews were assembled before being transported to Drancy and other French transit camps. Paris, France, July 16 and 17, 1942.
A view of the Westerbork camp, the Netherlands, between 1940 and 1945. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland.
The interior of a barracks at the Westerbork transit camp, after liberation. Westerbork, the Netherlands, after April 12, 1945.
Train station in the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, between 1942 and 1944. From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to killing centers in German-occupied Poland.
Dutch Jews from Hooghalen during deportation to the Westerbork transit camp. The Netherlands, October 1942.
Arrival of a transport at the Westerbork camp. Westerbork, the Netherlands, October 1942.
Roll call of the camp Jewish police. Westerbork transit camp, the Netherlands, 1942 or 1943.
Deportation of Jews from the Westerbork transit camp. The Netherlands, 1943.
Marzahn, the first internment camp for Roma (Gypsies) in the Third Reich. Germany, date uncertain.
Austrian police round up Romani (Gypsy) families from Vienna for deportation to Poland. Austria, September-December 1939.
Onlookers watch during the resettlement of Romani (Gypsy) families from Vienna. Austria, September–December 1939.
Forced-labor camp for Roma (Gypsies). Lety, Czechoslovakia, wartime.
Romani (Gypsy) women and children interned in the Rivesaltes transit camp. France, spring 1942.
Serbs and Roma (Gypsies) who have been rounded up for deportation. This photograph shows them being marched to Kozare and Jasenovac, both Croatian concentration camps. Yugoslavia, July 1942.
A Romani (Gypsy) victim of Nazi medical experiments to make seawater safe to drink. Dachau concentration camp, Germany, 1944.
Romani (Gypsy) survivors in a barracks of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp during liberation. Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Buses that transported patients from the Eichberg hospital near Wiesbaden to the Hadamar euthanasia center, where the patients were gassed or killed by lethal injection. Germany, between May and September 1941.
View of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp after the liberation of the camp. A row of small tents has been pitched outside the barracks. A group of survivors huddles in front of one of the tents.
A view of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp after the liberation of the camp. Bergen-Belsen, after April 15, 1945. As it drove into Germany, the British 11th Armoured Division occupied the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on April 15, 1945. When the 11th Armoured Division entered the camp, its soldiers were totally unprepared for what they found. Inside were more than 60,000 emaciated and ill prisoners in desperate need of medical attention. More than 13,000 corpses in various stages of…
Crematorium oven used in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Photograph taken after the liberation of teh camp. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, April 28, 1945.
The remains of a crematorium at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp in 1945. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, date uncertain.
After camp liberation, one of the mass graves at the Bergen-Belsen camp. Germany, after April 15, 1945.
After liberation of the Bergen-Belsen camp, British soldiers forced German mayors from nearby towns to view mass graves. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
A British soldier watches women SS guards who were forced to carry victims' corpses to mass graves. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Two survivors in front of the women's barracks in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, April 1945. © IWM (BU 3740)
Soon after liberation, camp survivors bathe in outdoor showers set up by the British. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Soon after liberation, camp survivors eat near scattered corpses. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Buildings of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp are burned to the ground by British soldiers to prevent the spread of typhus. Germany, May 21, 1945.
Buildings of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is burned to the ground to halt the spread of typhus. Germany, May 21, 1945.
Passport issued to Gertrud Gerda Levy, who left Germany in August 1939 on a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) to Great Britain. Berlin, Germany, August 23, 1939.
Circular label from the suitcase used by Margot Stern when she was sent on a Kindertransport to England. Germany, December 1938.
Jewish refugee children, part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) from Germany, soon after arriving in Harwich. Great Britain, December 2, 1938.
Jewish refugee children—part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport)—from Vienna, Austria, arrive at Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
Jewish refugee children, part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport) from Germany, upon arrival in Harwich. Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
Two Austrian refugee children, part of a group of predominantly Jewish refugee children on a Children's Transport (Kindertransport), upon their arrival in Great Britain. Harwich, Great Britain, December 12, 1938.
Jewish refugee children from Germany—part of a Children's Transport (Kindertransport)—at the holiday camp at Dovercourt Bay, near Harwich, shortly after their arrival in England. Dovercourt Bay, Great Britain, after December 2, 1938.
Portrait of a gay couple. Berlin, Germany, ca. 1930. Nazi ideology identified a multitude of enemies and led to the systematic persecution and murder of many millions of people, both Jews and non-Jews. The Nazis posed as moral crusaders who wanted to stamp out the "vice" of homosexuality from Germany in order to help win the racial struggle. Once they took power in 1933, the Nazis intensified persecution of German male homosexuals.
A couple dances at the Eldorado, a nightclub frequented by members of Berlin's gay and lesbian community. The nightclub, along with other similar establishments, was closed by the Nazi government in the spring of 1933. Photograph taken in Berlin, Germany, 1929. Learn more about the Eldorado.
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