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Some German and Austrian Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution before WWII sought safety in Shanghai, which did not require entry visas. Learn about their experiences.
The Lackenbach internment and transit camp for Roma, located in what had been eastern Austria, was a departure point for deportations to Lodz and Auschwitz.
The Anschluss, Germany's annexation of Austria in March 1938, was the Nazi German regime’s first act of territorial aggression and expansion. Learn more.
Franz von Papen was one of the leading German officials tried during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. He was acquitted of all charges.
A woman who is concealing her face sits on a park bench marked "Only for Jews." Austria, ca. March 1938.
View of the Gusen camp, which became a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Gusen, Austria, May 1945.
Nazis block Jews from entering the University of Vienna. Austria, 1938.
Local residents watch the burning of the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery in Graz during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Graz, Austria, November 9–10, 1938.
The Greinegger family, shown here in a formal portrait, were prosperous farmers in northern Austria. During World War II, the son died as a soldier in the German army. The second youngest daughter, Frieda, spent almost two years in Ravensbrück concentration camp for consorting with a Polish forced laborer, Julian Noga. Frieda and Julian married after the war. Place and date of photograph uncertain.
Under Adolf Hitler, the Nazi regime would be responsible for the murder of 6 million Jews and millions of other victims. Learn about Hitler's early years.
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