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Greek Jews from the provinces move into a designated ghetto area, previously the Baron de Hirsch quarter. Jews were concentrated in this western quarter, near the railway station, in preparation for impending deportations. Salonika, Greece, between November 1942 and March 1943.
Germany occupied western Poland in fall 1939. Much of this territory was annexed to the German Reich. Eastern Poland was not occupied by German forces until June 1941. In south-central Poland the Germans set up the Generalgouvernement (General Government), where most of the early ghettos were established. Ghettos were enclosed districts of a city in which the Germans forced the Jewish population to live under miserable conditions. Ghettos isolated Jews by separating Jewish communities both from the…
German soldiers direct artillery against a pocket of resistance during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Warsaw, Poland, April 19-May 16, 1943.
German soldiers burn residential buildings to the ground, one by one, during the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Poland, April 19-May 16, 1943.
A Jewish man deported from Vienna, Austria, performs forced labor in the Opole Lubelskie ghetto. Poland, date uncertain.
Jews in the Lodz ghetto line up outside the labor office of the Jewish council in the hopes of finding employment outside the ghetto. Lodz, Poland, between 1941 and 1943.
Jewish children in an orphanage operated by the Jewish council of the Vilna ghetto. Vilna, 1942.
Scene during the deportation of German Jews to Theresienstadt ghetto. Jewish deportees from the Hanau, Gelnhausen and Schluechtern districts wait with their luggage on the platform at the Hanau station before boarding the deportation train. Hanau, Germany, May 30, 1942.
A young boy holding his younger brother in the Kovno ghetto. Older children frequently cared for younger siblings in the ghetto. Photographed by George Kadish. Kovno, Lithuania, 1941.
Jews forced to move into the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, date uncertain. During the Holocaust, the creation of ghettos was a key step in the Nazi process of brutally separating, persecuting, and ultimately destroying Europe's Jews. Ghettos were often enclosed districts that isolated Jews from the non-Jewish population and from other Jewish communities.
Forced laborers work on the construction of a wall around the Warsaw ghetto area. The Germans announced the construction of a ghetto in October 1940 and closed the ghetto off from the rest of Warsaw in mid-November 1940.
A Jewish man and child at forced labor in a factory in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, date uncertain.
A child vendor among those selling miscellaneous wares at the market in the Lodz ghetto. Lodz, Poland, ca. 1941.
A scene staged by the Nazis for an International Red Cross inspection of the Theresienstadt ghetto. Czechoslovakia, June 23, 1944.
View of the entrance to the "Gypsy camp" on Brzezinska Street in the Lodz ghetto in occupied Poland. Photograph taken in 1942.
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